Total Lunar Eclipse of -0977 Jul 07 (0978 Jul 07 BCE)
Fred Espenak
Introduction
The
Total Lunar Eclipse of -0977 Jul 07 (0978 Jul 07 BCE)
is visible from the geographic regions shown on the map to the right.
The diagram above the map depicts the Moon's path with respect to Earth's umbral and penumbral shadows.
Click on the figure to enlarge it.
For an explanation of the features appearing in the figure,
see Key to Lunar Eclipse Figures.
The instant of greatest eclipse takes place on -0977 Jul 07 at 19:20:38 TD (12:26:09 UT1).
This is 0.3 days before the Moon reaches perigee.
During the eclipse, the Moon is in the constellation Capricornus.
The synodic month in which the eclipse takes place has a Brown Lunation Number of -35862.
The eclipse belongs to Saros 33 and is number 39 of 73 eclipses in the series.
All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node.
The Moon moves northward with respect to the node with each succeeding eclipse in the series and gamma increases.
This total eclipse is central meaning the Moon’s disk actually passes through the axis of Earth’s umbral shadow.
It has an umbral eclipse magnitude of 1.6518, and Gamma has a value of 0.1275.
Because they are so deep, such eclipses typically have the longest total phases.
In this case, the duration of totality lasts 95.8 minutes.
The total lunar eclipse of -0977 Jul 07 is followed two weeks later by a partial solar eclipse on -0977 Jul 22.
These eclipses all take place during a single eclipse season.
The eclipse predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD)
and Universal Time (UT1).
The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT).
ΔT has a value of
24868.9
seconds for this eclipse.
The uncertainty in ΔT is
613.1 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse visibility zones of 2.56°.
The following links provide maps and data for the eclipse.
The tables below contain detailed predictions and additional information on the
Total Lunar Eclipse of -0977 Jul 07
.
Polynomial Besselian Elements: Total Lunar Eclipse of -0977 Jul 07
| Polynomial Besselian Elements |
| -0977 Jul 07 at 19:00:00.0 TD (=t0) |
| n |
x |
y |
d |
f1 |
f2 |
f3 |
| 0 | -0.19584 | 0.14384 | 0.4145 | 1.29869 | 0.77246 | 0.27872 |
| 1 | 0.59484 | -0.04006 | -0.0000 | 0.00007 | 0.00007 | 0.00002 |
| 2 | 0.00007 | 0.00017 | 0.0000 | -0.00000 | -0.00000 | -0.00000 |
| 3 | -0.00001 | 0.00000 | - | - | - | - |
At time t1 (decimal hours), each besselian element is evaluated by:
x = x0 + x1*t + x2*t2 + x3*t3 (or x = Σ [xn*tn]; n = 0 to 3)
where: t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours) and t0 = 19.000
Explanation of Besselian Elements
Calendar
The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar.
It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582.
On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards.
Before that date, the Julian calendar is used.
For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.
The Julian calendar does not include the year 0.
Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions).
This is awkward for arithmetic calculations.
Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0.
Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates.
Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
Eclipse Predictions
Predictions for the
Total Lunar Eclipse of -0977 Jul 07
were generated using the
JPL DE406
solar and lunar ephemerides.
The lunar coordinates were calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.
The predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD)
and Universal Time (UT1).
The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT).
ΔT has a value of
24868.9
seconds for this eclipse.
The uncertainty in ΔT is
613.1 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse visibility zones of 2.56°.
Acknowledgments
Some of the content on this web site is based on the book Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1501 to 2500.
All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.
Permission is granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"
The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.
