Eclipses During 2038
By Fred Espenak
Based on the Article Published in
Observer's Handbook
2038
,
Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
In 2038, there are 3 solar eclipses and 4 lunar eclipses:
Unless otherwise stated, all times and dates used in this publication are in Universal Time or UT1 [1]. This astronomically derived time system is colloquially referred to as Greenwich Mean Time or GMT. To learn more about UT1 and how to convert UT1 to your own local time, see Time Zones and Universal Time.
Click for larger more detailed figure
Annular Solar Eclipse of 2038 Jan 05
Under Construction
Map of the eclipse (Figure 1).
Local circumstances for a number of cities are given in Table 1.
The 2038 Jan 05 Solar Eclipse Circumstances Calculator is an interactive web page that can quickly calculate the local circumstances for the eclipse from any geographic location not included in the table.
The path of the eclipse is plotted on an interactive map at Google Map of the 2038 Jan 05 Solar Eclipse . This map permits zooming and scrolling as desired. Clicking the cursor on any location calculates the eclipse circumstances for that location. For more information see Key to Google Eclipse Maps.
This is the xx th eclipse of Saros [6] series 132.
Complete details for the xx eclipses in the series may be found at Saros 132.
For more information about this eclipse, see the EclipseWise Prime Page at Annular Solar Eclipse of 2038 Jan 05.
Click for larger more detailed figure
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2038 Jan 21
Under Construction
Diagram and map of the eclipse (Figure 2).
Table 2 lists predicted umbral immersion and emersion times for 25 well-defined lunar craters. The timing of craters is useful in determining the atmospheric enlargement of Earth's shadow (see Crater Timings During Lunar Eclipses).
This is the xx th eclipse of Saros [6] series 144
Complete details for the xx eclipses in the series may be found at Saros 144.
For more information about this eclipse, see the EclipseWise Prime Page at Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2038 Jan 21
Click for larger more detailed figure
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2038 Jun 17
Under Construction
Diagram and map of the eclipse (Figure 3).
Table 3 lists predicted umbral immersion and emersion times for 25 well-defined lunar craters. The timing of craters is useful in determining the atmospheric enlargement of Earth's shadow (see Crater Timings During Lunar Eclipses).
This is the xx th eclipse of Saros [6] series 111
Complete details for the xx eclipses in the series may be found at Saros 111.
For more information about this eclipse, see the EclipseWise Prime Page at Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2038 Jun 17
Click for larger more detailed figure
Annular Solar Eclipse of 2038 Jul 02
Under Construction
Map of the eclipse (Figure 4).
Local circumstances for a number of cities are given in Table 4.
The 2038 Jul 02 Solar Eclipse Circumstances Calculator is an interactive web page that can quickly calculate the local circumstances for the eclipse from any geographic location not included in the table.
The path of the eclipse is plotted on an interactive map at Google Map of the 2038 Jul 02 Solar Eclipse . This map permits zooming and scrolling as desired. Clicking the cursor on any location calculates the eclipse circumstances for that location. For more information see Key to Google Eclipse Maps.
This is the xx th eclipse of Saros [6] series 137.
Complete details for the xx eclipses in the series may be found at Saros 137.
For more information about this eclipse, see the EclipseWise Prime Page at Annular Solar Eclipse of 2038 Jul 02.
Click for larger more detailed figure
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2038 Jul 16
Under Construction
Diagram and map of the eclipse (Figure 5).
Table 5 lists predicted umbral immersion and emersion times for 25 well-defined lunar craters. The timing of craters is useful in determining the atmospheric enlargement of Earth's shadow (see Crater Timings During Lunar Eclipses).
This is the xx th eclipse of Saros [6] series 149
Complete details for the xx eclipses in the series may be found at Saros 149.
For more information about this eclipse, see the EclipseWise Prime Page at Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2038 Jul 16
Click for larger more detailed figure
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2038 Dec 11
Under Construction
Diagram and map of the eclipse (Figure 6).
Table 6 lists predicted umbral immersion and emersion times for 25 well-defined lunar craters. The timing of craters is useful in determining the atmospheric enlargement of Earth's shadow (see Crater Timings During Lunar Eclipses).
This is the xx th eclipse of Saros [6] series 116
Complete details for the xx eclipses in the series may be found at Saros 116.
For more information about this eclipse, see the EclipseWise Prime Page at Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2038 Dec 11
Click for larger more detailed figure
Total Solar Eclipse of 2038 Dec 26
Under Construction
Map of the eclipse (Figure 7).
Local circumstances for a number of cities are given in Table 7.
The 2038 Dec 26 Solar Eclipse Circumstances Calculator is an interactive web page that can quickly calculate the local circumstances for the eclipse from any geographic location not included in the table.
The path of the eclipse is plotted on an interactive map at Google Map of the 2038 Dec 26 Solar Eclipse . This map permits zooming and scrolling as desired. Clicking the cursor on any location calculates the eclipse circumstances for that location. For more information see Key to Google Eclipse Maps.
This is the xx th eclipse of Saros [6] series 142.
Complete details for the xx eclipses in the series may be found at Saros 142.
For more information about this eclipse, see the EclipseWise Prime Page at Total Solar Eclipse of 2038 Dec 26.
Explanatory Information
Solar Eclipse Figures
Lunar Eclipse Figures
Enlargement of Earth's Shadows and Lunar Eclipses
Danjon Scale of Lunar Eclipse Brightness
Moon's Apparent Magnitude During Total Lunar Eclipses
Crater Timings During Lunar Eclipses
Eclipse Altitudes and Azimuths
The altitude a and azimuth A of the Sun or Moon during an eclipse depend on the time and the observer's geographic coordinates. They are calculated as follows:
h = 15 (GST + UT - α ) + λ
a = arcsin [sin δ sin φ + cos δ cos h cos φ]
A = arctan [-(cos δ sin h)/(sin δ cos φ - cos δ cos h sin φ)]
where
h = hour angle of Sun or Moon
a = altitude
A = azimuth
GST = Greenwich Sidereal Time at 0:00 UT
UT = Universal Time
α = right ascension of Sun or Moon
δ = declination of Sun or Moon
λ = observer's longitude (east +, west -)
φ = observer's latitude (north +, south -)
During the eclipses of 2038 , the values for GST and the geocentric Right Ascension and Declination of the Sun or the Moon (at greatest eclipse) are as follows:
Eclipse Date GST α δ
Annular Solar 2038 Jan 05 7.017 19.108 -22.555
Penumbral Lunar 2038 Jan 21 8.042 8.237 20.932
Penumbral Lunar 2038 Jun 17 17.698 17.724 -22.085
Annular Solar 2038 Jul 02 18.713 6.782 22.996
Penumbral Lunar 2038 Jul 16 19.628 19.737 -22.531
Penumbral Lunar 2038 Dec 11 5.370 5.271 22.016
Total Solar 2038 Dec 26 6.309 18.314 -23.363
Two web based tools that can also be used to calculate the local circumstances for all solar and lunar eclipses visible from any location. They are the Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer and the Javascript Lunar Eclipse Explorer. The URLs for these tools are:
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer: www.EclipseWise.com/solar/JSEX/JSEX-index.html
Javascript Lunar Eclipse Explorer: www.EclipseWise.com/lunar/JLEX/JLEX-index.html
Eclipses During 2039
In 2039, there are 2 solar eclipses and 2 lunar eclipses:
| Eclipses During 2039 | |||
| 2039 Jun 06: Partial Lunar Eclipse | |||
| 2039 Jun 21: Annular Solar Eclipse | |||
| 2039 Nov 30: Partial Lunar Eclipse | |||
| 2039 Dec 15: Total Solar Eclipse | |||
| Eclipses During 2039 | |||
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Partial Lunar Eclipse 2039 Jun 06 
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Annular Solar Eclipse 2039 Jun 21 
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Partial Lunar Eclipse 2039 Nov 30 
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Total Solar Eclipse 2039 Dec 15 
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A full report Eclipses During 2039 will be published in Observer's Handbook:2039
Eclipse Web Sites
EclipseWise.com is a website dedicated to predictions and information on eclipses of the Sun and Moon. It offers a graphically intuitive interface and contains maps, diagrams, tables, and information about every solar and lunar eclipse from 2000 BCE to 3000 CE. This period includes 11898 solar eclipses and 12064 lunar eclipses.
Much of EclipseWise.com is based on the Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 (Espenak 2014a) and the Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 (Espenak 2014b). These eclipse predictions use the Jet Propulsion Lab's DE406 — a computer ephemeris used for calculating high precision coordinates of the Sun and Moon for thousands of years into the past and future.
For eclipses over a larger time interval see Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses –1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses –-1999 to +3000.
The World Atlas of Solar Eclipses provides maps of all central eclipse paths from 2000 BCE to 3000 CE.
MrEclipse.com targets solar and lunar eclipse photography, with tips on eclipse observing and eye safety.
Eclipse Publications
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Acknowledgments
All eclipse predictions were generated on a Macintosh G4 PowerPC using algorithms developed from the Explanatory Supplement [1974] with additional algorithms from Meeus, Grosjean, and Vanderleen [1966]. The solar and lunar coordinates used in the eclipse predictions are based on the JPL DE405. For lunar eclipses, the elliptical shape of the umbral and penumbral shadows were calculated using Herald and Sinnott (2014) method of enlarging Earth's radius to compensate for the opacity of the terrestrial atmosphere (including corrections for the oblateness of Earth).
All calculations, diagrams, tables, and opinions presented in this paper are those of the author, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.
Permission is granted to reproduce the eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, EclipseWise.com"
The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are unaltered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is not removed or covered.
Footnotes
[1] UT1 or Universal Time is the mean solar time on the Prime Meridian at Greenwich, England. Civil time signals are transmitted according to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is based on International Atomic Time (TAI) with leap seconds added at irregular intervals to compensate for the slowing of Earth's rotation. The leap seconds keep UTC within 0.9 second of UT1.
[2] The instant of greatest eclipse for solar eclipses occurs when the distance between the Moon's shadow axis and Earth's geocenter reaches a minimum.
[3] Eclipse magnitude for solar eclipses is defined as the fraction of the Sun's diameter occulted by the Moon.
[4] Eclipse obscuration is defined as the fraction of the Sun's area occulted by the Moon.
[5] For solar eclipses, gamma is the distance of the Moon's shadow axis from Earth's center (in Earth radii) when it reaches its minimum absolute value.
[6] The Saros is a period of 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours) in which eclipses (both solar and lunar) repeat. The geometry isn't exact but close enough for a Saros series to last 12 or more centuries.
[7] The instant of greatest eclipse for lunar eclipses occurs when the distance between the Moon and Earth's shadow axis reaches a minimum.
[8] Umbral eclipse magnitude is defined as the fraction of the Moon's diameter occulted by Earth's umbral shadow.
[9] For lunar eclipses, gamma is the distance of the Moon's center from Earth's shadow axis (in Earth radii) when it reaches its minimum absolute value.
[10] Penumbral eclipse magnitude is defined as the fraction of the Moon's diameter occulted by Earth's penumbral shadow.
References
Chauvenet, W., Manual of Spherical and Practical Astronomy, Vol.1, 1891 (Dover edition 1961).
Danjon, A., "Les éclipses de Lune par la pénombre en 1951," L'Astronomie, 65, 51-53 (Feb. 1951).
Espenak, F., Meeus, J., Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses –1999 to +3000, 2nd Edition, AstroPixels Publishing, Portal, AZ, 2021.
Espenak, F., Meeus, J., Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses –-1999 to +3000, 2nd Edition, AstroPixels Publishing, Portal, AZ, 2021.
Espenak, F., Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500, AstroPixels Publishing, Portal, AZ, 2014.
Espenak, F., Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1501 to 2500, AstroPixels Publishing, Portal, AZ, 2014.
Espenak, F., 21st Century Canon of Solar Eclipses, AstroPixels Publishing, Portal, AZ, 2016.
Espenak, F., 21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses, AstroPixels Publishing, Portal, AZ, 2020.
Espenak, F., Atlas of Central Solar Eclipses in the USA, AstroPixels Publishing, Portal, AZ, 2016.
Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Ephemeris and the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office, London, 1974.
Herald, D., and Sinnott, R. W., “Analysis of Lunar Crater Timings, 1842–2011,” J. Br. Astron. Assoc., 124, 5, 2014.
Keen, R. A., "Volcanic Aerosols and Lunar Eclipses", Science, vol. 222, p. 1011-1013, Dec. 2, 1983.
Meeus, J., Elements of Solar Eclipses 1951-2200, Willmann-Bell, Richmond, VA (1989).
Eclipse Publications
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