Solar Eclipse Prime Page

Annular Solar Eclipse of -1284 Dec 21 (1285 Dec 21 BCE)

Fred Espenak

Introduction

eclipse map

The Annular Solar Eclipse of -1284 Dec 21 (1285 Dec 21 BCE) is visible from the geographic regions shown on the map to the right. Click on the map to enlarge it. For an explanation of the features appearing in the map, see Key to Solar Eclipse Maps.

The instant of greatest eclipse takes place on -1284 Dec 21 at 00:05:09 TD (15:34:44 UT1). This is 3.1 days after the Moon reaches apogee. During the eclipse, the Sun is in the constellation Capricornus. The synodic month in which the eclipse takes place has a Brown Lunation Number of -39653.

The eclipse belongs to Saros 21 and is number 56 of 72 eclipses in the series. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node. The Moon moves southward with respect to the node with each succeeding eclipse in the series and gamma decreases.

The solar eclipse of -1284 Dec 21 is a relatively long annular eclipse with a duration at greatest eclipse of 07m16s. It has an eclipse magnitude of 0.9249.

The annular solar eclipse of -1284 Dec 21 is followed two weeks later by a partial lunar eclipse on -1283 Jan 04.

These eclipses all take place during a single eclipse season.

The eclipse predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 30625.9 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 1275.1 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse path of ± 5.33°.

The following links provide maps and data for the eclipse.

The tables below contain detailed predictions and additional information on the Annular Solar Eclipse of -1284 Dec 21 .

Eclipse Data: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1284 Dec 21

Eclipse Characteristics
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.92491
Eclipse Obscuration 0.85546
Gamma-0.55213
Conjunction Times
Event Calendar Date and Time Julian Date
Greatest Eclipse -1284 Dec 21 at 00:05:09.5 TD (15:34:43.6 UT1) 1252431.149115
Ecliptic Conjunction -1284 Dec 20 at 23:58:34.8 TD (15:28:08.9 UT1) 1252431.144548
Equatorial Conjunction -1284 Dec 21 at 00:04:10.9 TD (15:33:45.0 UT1) 1252431.148437
Geocentric Coordinates of Sun and Moon
-1284 Dec 21 at 00:05:09.5 TD (15:34:43.6 UT1)
Coordinate Sun Moon
Right Ascension17h11m08.4s17h11m10.4s
Declination-23°21'54.5"-23°51'53.1"
Semi-Diameter 16'14.5" 14'50.2"
Eq. Hor. Parallax 08.9" 0°54'26.9"
Geocentric Libration of Moon
Angle Value
l -2.4°
b 0.7°
c 6.2°
Prediction Paramaters
Paramater Value
Ephemerides JPL DE406
ΔT 30625.9 s
k (penumbra) 0.2725076
k (umbra) 0.2722810
Saros Series 21 (56/72)

Explanation of Solar Eclipse Data Tables

Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1284 Dec 21

Contacts of Penumbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactP121:11:29.012:41:03.119°38.2'S108°49.5'W
Last External ContactP402:58:46.418:28:20.418°04.3'S001°20.6'E
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Penumbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N121:53:27.713:23:01.800°18.4'S110°35.3'W
South Extreme Path Limit 1S102:16:49.517:46:23.601°15.9'N003°10.4'E

Explanation of Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1284 Dec 21

Contacts of Umbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactU122:23:13.713:52:47.830°29.6'S132°37.7'W
First Internal ContactU222:30:39.414:00:13.532°16.1'S135°34.5'W
Last Internal ContactU301:39:41.717:09:15.830°43.8'S027°53.1'E
Last External ContactU401:47:03.617:16:37.728°57.8'S024°59.8'E
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Umbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N122:24:28.213:54:02.329°47.0'S132°30.9'W
South Extreme Path Limit 1S122:29:28.813:59:02.932°57.1'S135°42.9'W
North Extreme Path Limit 2N201:45:49.817:15:23.928°15.3'S024°53.7'E
South Extreme Path Limit 2S201:40:51.717:10:25.831°24.7'S028°00.6'E

Explanation of Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Central Line Extremes and Duration: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1284 Dec 21

Extreme Limits of the Central Line
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
Extreme Central Line Limit 1C122:26:55.313:56:29.431°21.2'S134°04.5'W
Extreme Central Line Limit 2C201:43:24.017:12:58.129°49.2'S026°24.8'E

Explanation of Central Line Extremes Table

Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration
Event Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude Sun
Altitude		 Sun
Azimuth		 Path Width Central
Duration
Greatest Eclipse00:05:09.515:34:43.657°08.2'S179°32.6'E 56.2° 358.6° 340.4 km07m15.59s
Greatest Duration00:03:34.415:33:08.557°09.1'S053°31.1'W 56.2° 0.9° 340.4 km07m15.62s

Explanation of Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration

Polynomial Besselian Elements: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1284 Dec 21

Polynomial Besselian Elements
-1284 Dec 21 at 00:00:00.0 TD (=t0)
n x y d l1 l2 μ
0 -0.03545 -0.55273 -23.3635 0.57239 0.02611 180.0393
1 0.50874 0.00760 -0.0036 -0.00006 -0.00006 14.9965
2 0.00001 0.00018 0.0000 -0.00001 -0.00001 -0.0000
3 -0.00001 -0.00000 - - - -
Tan ƒ1 0.0047496
Tan ƒ2 0.0047259

At time t1 (decimal hours), each besselian element is evaluated by:

x = x0 + x1*t + x2*t2 + x3*t3 (or x = Σ [xn*tn]; n = 0 to 3)

where: t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours) and t0 = 0.000

Explanation of Polynomial Besselian Elements

Links for the Annular Solar Eclipse of -1284 Dec 21 (1285 Dec 21 BCE)

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Information

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

Predictions for the Annular Solar Eclipse of -1284 Dec 21 were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates were calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass. The predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 30625.9 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 1275.1 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse path of ± 5.33°.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this website is based on the book Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.