Solar Eclipse Prime Page

Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 (1609 Jun 09 BCE)

Fred Espenak

Introduction

The Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 (1609 Jun 09 BCE) is visible from the geographic regions shown on the map to the right. Click on the map to enlarge it. For an explanation of the features appearing in the map, see Key to Solar Eclipse Maps.

The instant of greatest eclipse takes place on -1608 Jun 09 at 06:39:40 TD (20:16:47 UT1). This is 6.9 days after the Moon reaches apogee. During the eclipse, the Sun is in the constellation Gemini. The synodic month in which the eclipse takes place has a Brown Lunation Number of -43667.

The eclipse belongs to Saros 21 and is number 38 of 72 eclipses in the series. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node. The Moon moves southward with respect to the node with each succeeding eclipse in the series and gamma decreases.

The solar eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 is one of the rare hybrid solar eclipses. In this particular case the eclipse path starts out as annular. Further down the track it changes to total and then back to annular before the path ends. It is a very short hybrid eclipse with a duration at greatest eclipse of 00m29s. The eclipse magnitude is 1.0047, while Gamma has a value of 0.0403.

The hybrid solar eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 is preceded two weeks earlier by a penumbral lunar eclipse on -1608 May 24, and it is followed two weeks later by a penumbral lunar eclipse on -1608 Jun 23.

These eclipses all take place during a single eclipse season.

The eclipse predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 37373.0 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 2248.6 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse path of ± 9.39°.

The following links provide maps and data for the eclipse.

Orthographic Map: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 - global map of eclipse visibility
Google Map: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 - interactive map of the eclipse path
Path Table: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 - coordinates of the central line and path limits
Circumstances Table: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 - eclipse times for hundreds of cities
Saros 21 Table - data for all eclipses in the Saros series

The tables below contain detailed predictions and additional information on the Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 .

Eclipse Data: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09

Eclipse Characteristics
Parameter	Value
Eclipse Magnitude	1.00474
Eclipse Obscuration	1.00950
Gamma	0.04035

Conjunction Times
Event	Calendar Date and Time	Julian Date
Greatest Eclipse	-1608 Jun 09 at 06:39:40.3 TD (20:16:47.3 UT1)	1133895.344992
Ecliptic Conjunction	-1608 Jun 09 at 06:40:07.1 TD (20:17:14.1 UT1)	1133895.345303
Equatorial Conjunction	-1608 Jun 09 at 06:41:03.6 TD (20:18:10.6 UT1)	1133895.345956

Geocentric Coordinates of Sun and Moon
-1608 Jun 09 at 06:39:40.3 TD (20:16:47.3 UT1)
Coordinate	Sun	Moon
Right Ascension	04h01m49.5s	04h01m46.6s
Declination	+21°04'06.8"	+21°06'18.3"
Semi-Diameter	15'43.7"	15'33.2"
Eq. Hor. Parallax	08.6"	0°57'05.0"

Geocentric Libration of Moon
Angle	Value
l	-4.3°
b	-0.1°
c	-9.7°

Prediction Paramaters
Paramater	Value
Ephemerides	JPL DE406
ΔT	37373.0 s
k (penumbra)	0.2725076
k (umbra)	0.2722810
Saros Series	21 (38/72)

Explanation of Solar Eclipse Data Tables

Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09

Contacts of Penumbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event	Contact	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude
First External Contact	P1	03:47:25.8	17:24:32.8	14°45.4'S	167°54.7'W
First Internal Contact	P2	05:49:48.4	19:26:55.4	11°19.1'S	160°05.8'E
Last Internal Contact	P3	07:29:31.5	21:06:38.5	20°52.3'N	040°48.3'W
Last External Contact	P4	09:31:48.0	23:08:55.0	17°27.2'N	072°51.7'W

Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Penumbra
Contact Event	Contact	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1	N1	05:17:15.5	18:54:22.5	17°26.8'N	156°51.8'E
South Extreme Path Limit 1	S1	04:53:37.5	18:30:44.5	43°31.8'S	168°49.7'W
North Extreme Path Limit 2	N2	08:01:50.7	21:38:57.7	48°22.4'N	031°37.9'W
South Extreme Path Limit 2	S2	08:25:57.6	22:03:04.6	12°06.4'S	068°06.5'W

Explanation of Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09

Contacts of Umbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event	Contact	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude
First External Contact	U1	04:48:12.7	18:25:19.7	13°59.0'S	176°34.5'E
First Internal Contact	U2	04:48:58.9	18:26:05.9	13°58.1'S	176°22.6'E
Last Internal Contact	U3	08:30:23.0	22:07:30.0	18°14.3'N	057°10.3'W
Last External Contact	U4	08:31:03.4	22:08:10.4	18°13.5'N	057°20.8'W

Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Umbra
Contact Event	Contact	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1	N1	04:48:40.6	18:25:47.6	13°47.6'S	176°22.9'E
South Extreme Path Limit 1	S1	04:48:30.9	18:25:37.9	14°09.5'S	176°34.3'E
North Extreme Path Limit 2	N2	08:30:38.9	22:07:45.9	18°23.4'N	057°10.4'W
South Extreme Path Limit 2	S2	08:30:47.5	22:07:54.5	18°04.3'N	057°20.8'W

Explanation of Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Central Line Extremes and Duration: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09

Extreme Limits of the Central Line
Contact Event	Contact	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude
Extreme Central Line Limit 1	C1	04:48:35.8	18:25:42.8	13°58.5'S	176°28.6'E
Extreme Central Line Limit 2	C2	08:30:43.2	22:07:50.2	18°13.9'N	057°15.6'W

Explanation of Central Line Extremes Table

Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration
Event	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude	Sun Altitude	Sun Azimuth	Path Width	Central Duration
Greatest Eclipse	06:39:40.3	20:16:47.3	23°25.0'N	076°19.0'E	87.6°	163.5°	16.5 km	00m29.10s
Greatest Duration	04:48:35.8	18:25:42.8	13°58.5'S	176°28.6'E	0.0°	68.3°	45.1 km	00m45.14s

Explanation of Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration

Polynomial Besselian Elements: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09

Polynomial Besselian Elements
-1608 Jun 09 at 07:00:00.0 TD (=t0)
n	x	y	d	l1	l2	μ
0	0.16275	0.09259	21.0710	0.54941	0.00324	288.0209
1	0.51560	0.15950	0.0075	-0.00012	-0.00012	15.0007
2	0.00005	-0.00013	-0.0000	-0.00001	-0.00001	-0.0000
3	-0.00001	-0.00000	-	-	-	-

Tan ƒ1	0.0045984
Tan ƒ2	0.0045755

At time t1 (decimal hours), each besselian element is evaluated by:

x = x0 + x1*t + x2*t² + x3*t³ (or x = Σ [xn*tⁿ]; n = 0 to 3)

where: t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours) and t0 = 7.000

Explanation of Polynomial Besselian Elements

Links for the Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 (1609 Jun 09 BCE)

Orthographic Map: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 - global map of eclipse visibility
Google Map: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 - interactive map of the eclipse path
Path Table: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 - coordinates of the central line and path limits
Circumstances Table: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 - eclipse times for hundreds of cities
Saros 21 Table - data for all eclipses in the Saros series
Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 - Google search for links to this eclipse

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Information

Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links

Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - covers the years -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses - covers Saros series -30 through 190
World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page
Solar Eclipse Search Engine - search for solar eclipses from -1999 to +3000
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication

MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

Predictions for the Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1608 Jun 09 were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates were calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass. The predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 37373.0 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 2248.6 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse path of ± 9.39°.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this website is based on the book Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.