Solar Eclipse Prime Page

Total Solar Eclipse of 1709 Sep 04

Fred Espenak

Introduction

eclipse map

The Total Solar Eclipse of 1709 Sep 04 is visible from the geographic regions shown on the map to the right. Click on the map to enlarge it. For an explanation of the features appearing in the map, see Key to Solar Eclipse Maps.

The instant of greatest eclipse takes place on 1709 Sep 04 at 00:32:26 TD (00:32:17 UT1). This is 0.4 days after the Moon reaches perigee. During the eclipse, the Sun is in the constellation Leo. The synodic month in which the eclipse takes place has a Brown Lunation Number of -2638.

The eclipse belongs to Saros 130 and is number 35 of 73 eclipses in the series. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node. The Moon moves northward with respect to the node with each succeeding eclipse in the series and gamma increases.

The solar eclipse of 1709 Sep 04 is a relatively long total eclipse with a duration at greatest eclipse of 05m47s. It has an eclipse magnitude of 1.0703.

The total solar eclipse of 1709 Sep 04 is preceded two weeks earlier by a penumbral lunar eclipse on 1709 Aug 20, and it is followed two weeks later by a penumbral lunar eclipse on 1709 Sep 19.

These eclipses all take place during a single eclipse season.

The eclipse predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 9.0 seconds for this eclipse.

The following links provide maps and data for the eclipse.

The tables below contain detailed predictions and additional information on the Total Solar Eclipse of 1709 Sep 04 .

Eclipse Data: Total Solar Eclipse of 1709 Sep 04

Eclipse Characteristics
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.07033
Eclipse Obscuration 1.14561
Gamma-0.07252
Conjunction Times
Event Calendar Date and Time Julian Date
Greatest Eclipse 1709 Sep 04 at 00:32:26.0 TD (00:32:17.0 UT1) 2345505.522419
Ecliptic Conjunction 1709 Sep 04 at 00:33:10.3 TD (00:33:01.3 UT1) 2345505.522932
Equatorial Conjunction 1709 Sep 04 at 00:36:24.1 TD (00:36:15.1 UT1) 2345505.525175
Geocentric Coordinates of Sun and Moon
1709 Sep 04 at 00:32:26.0 TD (00:32:17.0 UT1)
Coordinate Sun Moon
Right Ascension10h50m38.1s10h50m29.7s
Declination+07°22'38.8"+07°18'43.8"
Semi-Diameter 15'52.6" 16'42.3"
Eq. Hor. Parallax 08.7" 1°01'18.5"
Geocentric Libration of Moon
Angle Value
l 1.1°
b 0.1°
c 20.8°
Prediction Paramaters
Paramater Value
Ephemerides JPL DE406
ΔT 9.0 s
k (penumbra) 0.2725076
k (umbra) 0.2722810
Saros Series 130 (35/73)

Explanation of Solar Eclipse Data Tables

Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Total Solar Eclipse of 1709 Sep 04

Contacts of Penumbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactP121:54:58.321:54:49.325°12.2'N117°31.2'E
First Internal ContactP223:44:58.523:44:49.519°01.3'N090°57.6'E
Last Internal ContactP301:19:47.901:19:39.036°47.3'S115°44.3'W
Last External ContactP403:09:53.303:09:44.330°37.2'S142°05.6'W
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Penumbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N123:03:59.423:03:50.454°54.7'N093°07.1'E
South Extreme Path Limit 1S123:07:45.423:07:36.409°10.8'S104°01.9'E
North Extreme Path Limit 2N202:01:11.502:01:02.500°39.0'S120°37.7'W
South Extreme Path Limit 2S201:56:40.401:56:31.464°28.1'S135°05.7'W

Explanation of Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Total Solar Eclipse of 1709 Sep 04

Contacts of Umbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactU122:48:29.022:48:20.123°49.4'N104°21.6'E
First Internal ContactU222:51:15.122:51:06.123°42.7'N103°41.1'E
Last Internal ContactU302:13:35.002:13:26.032°06.4'S128°17.1'W
Last External ContactU402:16:20.102:16:11.131°59.8'S128°57.2'W
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Umbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N122:49:51.822:49:42.824°32.0'N103°54.3'E
South Extreme Path Limit 1S122:49:53.822:49:44.823°00.1'N104°08.0'E
North Extreme Path Limit 2N202:14:58.302:14:49.431°17.6'S128°29.2'W
South Extreme Path Limit 2S202:14:55.402:14:46.432°48.6'S128°44.9'W

Explanation of Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Central Line Extremes and Duration: Total Solar Eclipse of 1709 Sep 04

Extreme Limits of the Central Line
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
Extreme Central Line Limit 1C122:49:52.122:49:43.123°46.1'N104°01.4'E
Extreme Central Line Limit 2C202:14:57.602:14:48.632°03.1'S128°37.2'W

Explanation of Central Line Extremes Table

Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration
Event Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude Sun
Altitude		 Sun
Azimuth		 Path Width Central
Duration
Greatest Eclipse00:32:26.000:32:17.003°43.6'N169°39.6'E 85.9° 28.0° 229.4 km05m46.83s
Greatest Duration00:27:59.900:27:50.904°52.9'N168°36.8'E 85.2° 58.6° 229.6 km05m47.07s

Explanation of Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration

Polynomial Besselian Elements: Total Solar Eclipse of 1709 Sep 04

Polynomial Besselian Elements
1709 Sep 04 at 01:00:00.0 TD (=t0)
n x y d l1 l2 μ
0 0.20249 -0.18986 7.3708 0.53276 -0.01333 195.2773
1 0.51483 -0.27388 -0.0147 0.00001 0.00001 15.0046
2 -0.00004 -0.00003 -0.0000 -0.00001 -0.00001 0.0000
3 -0.00001 0.00000 - - - -
Tan ƒ1 0.0046410
Tan ƒ2 0.0046179

At time t1 (decimal hours), each besselian element is evaluated by:

x = x0 + x1*t + x2*t2 + x3*t3 (or x = Σ [xn*tn]; n = 0 to 3)

where: t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours) and t0 = 1.000

Explanation of Polynomial Besselian Elements

Links for the Total Solar Eclipse of 1709 Sep 04

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Information

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

Predictions for the Total Solar Eclipse of 1709 Sep 04 were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates were calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass. The predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 9.0 seconds for this eclipse.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this website is based on the book Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.