Saros 16
Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 16
Fred Espenak
Introduction
A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.
The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 16
The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 16 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.
| Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 16 | |||||||||||||||
| Seq Num | Rel Num | Calendar Date | TD of Greatest Eclipse | ΔT s |
ΔT Sigma s |
Luna Num | Ecl Type | QLE | Gamma | Ecl Mag | Lat ° |
Long ° |
Sun Alt ° |
Path Width km | Central Dur | 1 | -34 | -2456-Jul-23 | 23:06:34 | 58120 | 5862 | -55107 | Pb | t- | -1.5214 | 0.0587 | 65S | 52E | 0 | - | - | 2 | -33 | -2438-Aug-04 | 06:21:48 | 57630 | 5770 | -54884 | P | t- | -1.4755 | 0.1417 | 64S | 68W | 0 | - | - | 3 | -32 | -2420-Aug-14 | 13:45:05 | 57143 | 5678 | -54661 | P | t- | -1.4366 | 0.2117 | 63S | 169E | 0 | - | - | 4 | -31 | -2402-Aug-25 | 21:16:04 | 56658 | 5587 | -54438 | P | t- | -1.4042 | 0.2693 | 62S | 45E | 0 | - | - | 5 | -30 | -2384-Sep-05 | 04:55:38 | 56174 | 5496 | -54215 | P | t- | -1.3792 | 0.3137 | 61S | 81W | 0 | - | - | 6 | -29 | -2366-Sep-16 | 12:41:51 | 55693 | 5406 | -53992 | P | t- | -1.3600 | 0.3475 | 61S | 152E | 0 | - | - | 7 | -28 | -2348-Sep-26 | 20:35:53 | 55214 | 5317 | -53769 | P | t- | -1.3473 | 0.3698 | 61S | 23E | 0 | - | - | 8 | -27 | -2330-Oct-08 | 04:35:13 | 54737 | 5228 | -53546 | P | t- | -1.3393 | 0.3840 | 61S | 108W | 0 | - | - | 9 | -26 | -2312-Oct-18 | 12:39:18 | 54262 | 5141 | -53323 | P | t- | -1.3356 | 0.3907 | 61S | 121E | 0 | - | - | 10 | -25 | -2294-Oct-29 | 20:46:12 | 53789 | 5053 | -53100 | P | t- | -1.3345 | 0.3928 | 61S | 12W | 0 | - | - | 11 | -24 | -2276-Nov-09 | 04:55:07 | 53319 | 4967 | -52877 | P | t- | -1.3357 | 0.3910 | 61S | 145W | 0 | - | - | 12 | -23 | -2258-Nov-20 | 13:02:52 | 52850 | 4881 | -52654 | P | t- | -1.3362 | 0.3903 | 62S | 83E | 0 | - | - | 13 | -22 | -2240-Nov-30 | 21:07:59 | 52383 | 4796 | -52431 | P | t- | -1.3349 | 0.3925 | 62S | 50W | 0 | - | - | 14 | -21 | -2222-Dec-12 | 05:08:36 | 51919 | 4712 | -52208 | P | t- | -1.3306 | 0.3996 | 63S | 179E | 0 | - | - | 15 | -20 | -2204-Dec-22 | 13:04:03 | 51456 | 4628 | -51985 | P | t- | -1.3229 | 0.4124 | 64S | 49E | 0 | - | - | 16 | -19 | -2185-Jan-02 | 20:50:23 | 50996 | 4545 | -51762 | P | t- | -1.3081 | 0.4370 | 65S | 80W | 0 | - | - | 17 | -18 | -2167-Jan-13 | 04:29:03 | 50537 | 4462 | -51539 | P | t- | -1.2876 | 0.4712 | 66S | 154E | 0 | - | - | 18 | -17 | -2149-Jan-24 | 11:56:56 | 50081 | 4381 | -51316 | P | t- | -1.2586 | 0.5196 | 67S | 29E | 0 | - | - | 19 | -16 | -2131-Feb-03 | 19:16:42 | 49627 | 4300 | -51093 | P | t- | -1.2233 | 0.5790 | 68S | 94W | 0 | - | - | 20 | -15 | -2113-Feb-15 | 02:23:33 | 49175 | 4219 | -50870 | P | t- | -1.1778 | 0.6559 | 69S | 146E | 0 | - | - | 21 | -14 | -2095-Feb-25 | 09:22:43 | 48725 | 4140 | -50647 | P | t- | -1.1262 | 0.7435 | 70S | 26E | 0 | - | - | 22 | -13 | -2077-Mar-08 | 16:10:28 | 48276 | 4061 | -50424 | P | t- | -1.0651 | 0.8476 | 71S | 90W | 0 | - | - | 23 | -12 | -2059-Mar-18 | 22:51:12 | 47831 | 3982 | -50201 | A- | t- | -0.9982 | 0.9621 | 71S | 154E | 0 | - | - | 24 | -11 | -2041-Mar-30 | 05:22:34 | 47387 | 3905 | -49978 | A | t- | -0.9233 | 0.9360 | 65S | 19W | 22 | 623 | 05m14s | 25 | -10 | -2023-Apr-09 | 11:49:40 | 46945 | 3828 | -49755 | A | p- | -0.8445 | 0.9402 | 53S | 134W | 32 | 410 | 05m34s | 26 | -9 | -2005-Apr-20 | 18:10:46 | 46505 | 3752 | -49532 | A | p- | -0.7605 | 0.9436 | 42S | 120E | 40 | 317 | 05m53s | 27 | -8 | -1987-May-01 | 00:28:44 | 46067 | 3676 | -49309 | A | p- | -0.6734 | 0.9464 | 32S | 17E | 47 | 264 | 06m10s | 28 | -7 | -1969-May-12 | 06:44:32 | 45632 | 3601 | -49086 | A | p- | -0.5840 | 0.9485 | 22S | 84W | 54 | 231 | 06m24s | 29 | -6 | -1951-May-22 | 13:01:15 | 45198 | 3527 | -48863 | A | p- | -0.4946 | 0.9502 | 13S | 177E | 60 | 209 | 06m34s | 30 | -5 | -1933-Jun-02 | 19:19:31 | 44767 | 3454 | -48640 | A | p- | -0.4061 | 0.9513 | 5S | 78E | 66 | 195 | 06m39s | 31 | -4 | -1915-Jun-13 | 01:40:57 | 44337 | 3381 | -48417 | A | p- | -0.3196 | 0.9518 | 3N | 21W | 71 | 186 | 06m40s | 32 | -3 | -1897-Jun-24 | 08:08:08 | 43910 | 3309 | -48194 | A | nn | -0.2371 | 0.9519 | 9N | 121W | 76 | 181 | 06m36s | 33 | -2 | -1879-Jul-04 | 14:42:07 | 43485 | 3237 | -47971 | A | nn | -0.1594 | 0.9516 | 15N | 138E | 81 | 179 | 06m28s | 34 | -1 | -1861-Jul-15 | 21:23:28 | 43061 | 3167 | -47748 | A | nn | -0.0873 | 0.9510 | 19N | 37E | 85 | 180 | 06m18s | 35 | 0 | -1843-Jul-26 | 04:14:02 | 42640 | 3097 | -47525 | A | nn | -0.0219 | 0.9502 | 22N | 66W | 89 | 183 | 06m09s | 36 | 1 | -1825-Aug-06 | 11:14:46 | 42221 | 3027 | -47302 | A | nn | 0.0357 | 0.9491 | 23N | 172W | 88 | 187 | 06m01s | 37 | 2 | -1807-Aug-16 | 18:26:46 | 41804 | 2959 | -47079 | A | nn | 0.0850 | 0.9481 | 24N | 80E | 85 | 192 | 05m55s | 38 | 3 | -1789-Aug-28 | 01:48:05 | 41389 | 2891 | -46856 | A | nn | 0.1274 | 0.9470 | 23N | 31W | 83 | 196 | 05m52s | 39 | 4 | -1771-Sep-07 | 09:21:42 | 40976 | 2824 | -46633 | A | nn | 0.1605 | 0.9462 | 20N | 145W | 81 | 201 | 05m50s | 40 | 5 | -1753-Sep-18 | 17:04:57 | 40566 | 2757 | -46410 | A | nn | 0.1863 | 0.9456 | 18N | 98E | 79 | 204 | 05m50s |
| Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 16 | |||||||||||||||
| Seq Num | Rel Num | Calendar Date | TD of Greatest Eclipse | ΔT s |
ΔT Sigma s |
Luna Num | Ecl Type | QLE | Gamma | Ecl Mag | Lat ° |
Long ° |
Sun Alt ° |
Path Width km | Central Dur | 41 | 6 | -1735-Sep-29 | 00:58:43 | 40157 | 2691 | -46187 | A | nn | 0.2043 | 0.9454 | 14N | 22W | 78 | 205 | 05m50s | 42 | 7 | -1717-Oct-10 | 08:59:33 | 39750 | 2626 | -45964 | A | nn | 0.2172 | 0.9456 | 10N | 144W | 77 | 205 | 05m51s | 43 | 8 | -1699-Oct-20 | 17:08:44 | 39346 | 2562 | -45741 | Am | nn | 0.2240 | 0.9464 | 6N | 91E | 77 | 202 | 05m50s | 44 | 9 | -1681-Nov-01 | 01:22:40 | 38943 | 2498 | -45518 | A | nn | 0.2277 | 0.9477 | 2N | 34W | 77 | 197 | 05m47s | 45 | 10 | -1663-Nov-11 | 09:40:31 | 38543 | 2435 | -45295 | A | nn | 0.2286 | 0.9497 | 2S | 161W | 77 | 189 | 05m40s | 46 | 11 | -1645-Nov-22 | 18:00:04 | 38144 | 2373 | -45072 | A | nn | 0.2289 | 0.9523 | 5S | 72E | 77 | 179 | 05m30s | 47 | 12 | -1627-Dec-03 | 02:20:05 | 37748 | 2311 | -44849 | A | nn | 0.2292 | 0.9557 | 8S | 55W | 77 | 166 | 05m13s | 48 | 13 | -1609-Dec-14 | 10:38:03 | 37354 | 2250 | -44626 | A | nn | 0.2321 | 0.9596 | 9S | 179E | 77 | 151 | 04m50s | 49 | 14 | -1591-Dec-24 | 18:52:22 | 36961 | 2190 | -44403 | A | nn | 0.2389 | 0.9642 | 10S | 54E | 76 | 133 | 04m20s | 50 | 15 | -1572-Jan-05 | 03:02:25 | 36571 | 2131 | -44180 | A | -n | 0.2499 | 0.9693 | 10S | 70W | 76 | 114 | 03m45s | 51 | 16 | -1554-Jan-15 | 11:07:01 | 36183 | 2072 | -43957 | A | -n | 0.2659 | 0.9749 | 8S | 167E | 75 | 93 | 03m03s | 52 | 17 | -1536-Jan-26 | 19:04:02 | 35797 | 2014 | -43734 | A | -n | 0.2893 | 0.9809 | 5S | 46E | 73 | 71 | 02m18s | 53 | 18 | -1518-Feb-06 | 02:54:27 | 35413 | 1956 | -43511 | A | -n | 0.3189 | 0.9871 | 1S | 74W | 71 | 48 | 01m31s | 54 | 19 | -1500-Feb-17 | 10:37:02 | 35031 | 1900 | -43288 | A | -n | 0.3560 | 0.9934 | 4N | 167E | 69 | 25 | 00m45s | 55 | 20 | -1482-Feb-27 | 18:13:33 | 34652 | 1844 | -43065 | A | -n | 0.3991 | 0.9997 | 10N | 50E | 66 | 1 | 00m02s | 56 | 21 | -1464-Mar-10 | 01:41:24 | 34274 | 1789 | -42842 | H | -p | 0.4501 | 1.0058 | 16N | 66W | 63 | 22 | 00m36s | 57 | 22 | -1446-Mar-21 | 09:04:31 | 33898 | 1734 | -42619 | H | -p | 0.5059 | 1.0117 | 24N | 179E | 59 | 46 | 01m09s | 58 | 23 | -1428-Mar-31 | 16:21:13 | 33525 | 1680 | -42396 | T | -p | 0.5680 | 1.0171 | 32N | 64E | 55 | 71 | 01m34s | 59 | 24 | -1410-Apr-11 | 23:34:19 | 33153 | 1627 | -42173 | T | -p | 0.6338 | 1.0220 | 40N | 50W | 50 | 96 | 01m52s | 60 | 25 | -1392-Apr-22 | 06:43:18 | 32784 | 1575 | -41950 | T | -p | 0.7038 | 1.0261 | 50N | 163W | 45 | 124 | 02m03s | 61 | 26 | -1374-May-03 | 13:51:30 | 32417 | 1523 | -41727 | T | -p | 0.7753 | 1.0295 | 59N | 82E | 39 | 158 | 02m07s | 62 | 27 | -1356-May-13 | 20:58:45 | 32051 | 1473 | -41504 | T | -p | 0.8485 | 1.0317 | 69N | 37W | 32 | 203 | 02m04s | 63 | 28 | -1338-May-25 | 04:06:19 | 31688 | 1422 | -41281 | T | -t | 0.9220 | 1.0327 | 79N | 176W | 22 | 290 | 01m54s | 64 | 29 | -1320-Jun-04 | 11:16:28 | 31327 | 1373 | -41058 | Tn | -t | 0.9942 | 1.0300 | 73N | 18W | 4 | - | 01m30s | 65 | 30 | -1302-Jun-15 | 18:30:05 | 30968 | 1324 | -40835 | P | -t | 1.0643 | 0.8886 | 67N | 143W | 0 | - | - | 66 | 31 | -1284-Jun-26 | 01:49:09 | 30611 | 1276 | -40612 | P | -t | 1.1307 | 0.7638 | 66N | 95E | 0 | - | - | 67 | 32 | -1266-Jul-07 | 09:13:01 | 30256 | 1229 | -40389 | P | -t | 1.1937 | 0.6448 | 65N | 28W | 0 | - | - | 68 | 33 | -1248-Jul-17 | 16:45:26 | 29903 | 1183 | -40166 | P | -t | 1.2507 | 0.5371 | 64N | 153W | 0 | - | - | 69 | 34 | -1230-Jul-29 | 00:24:37 | 29552 | 1137 | -39943 | P | -t | 1.3030 | 0.4382 | 64N | 81E | 0 | - | - | 70 | 35 | -1212-Aug-08 | 08:12:45 | 29203 | 1092 | -39720 | P | -t | 1.3486 | 0.3520 | 63N | 47W | 0 | - | - | 71 | 36 | -1194-Aug-19 | 16:08:46 | 28857 | 1048 | -39497 | P | -t | 1.3885 | 0.2768 | 62N | 176W | 0 | - | - | 72 | 37 | -1176-Aug-30 | 00:15:06 | 28512 | 1004 | -39274 | P | -t | 1.4207 | 0.2164 | 62N | 52E | 0 | - | - | 73 | 38 | -1158-Sep-10 | 08:29:37 | 28170 | 962 | -39051 | P | -t | 1.4471 | 0.1671 | 61N | 82W | 0 | - | - | 74 | 39 | -1140-Sep-20 | 16:52:37 | 27829 | 920 | -38828 | P | -t | 1.4673 | 0.1294 | 61N | 142E | 0 | - | - | 75 | 40 | -1122-Oct-02 | 01:23:37 | 27491 | 879 | -38605 | P | -t | 1.4816 | 0.1029 | 61N | 4E | 0 | - | - | 76 | 41 | -1104-Oct-12 | 10:02:31 | 27154 | 838 | -38382 | P | -t | 1.4900 | 0.0875 | 61N | 136W | 0 | - | - | 77 | 42 | -1086-Oct-23 | 18:46:29 | 26820 | 799 | -38159 | P | -t | 1.4951 | 0.0782 | 61N | 83E | 0 | - | - | 78 | 43 | -1068-Nov-03 | 03:35:19 | 26488 | 760 | -37936 | P | -t | 1.4967 | 0.0752 | 61N | 60W | 0 | - | - | 79 | 44 | -1050-Nov-14 | 12:26:47 | 26158 | 722 | -37713 | P | -t | 1.4968 | 0.0749 | 62N | 157E | 0 | - | - | 80 | 45 | -1032-Nov-24 | 21:20:47 | 25830 | 684 | -37490 | P | -t | 1.4954 | 0.0773 | 63N | 13E | 0 | - | - |
| Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 16 | |||||||||||||||
| Seq Num | Rel Num | Calendar Date | TD of Greatest Eclipse | ΔT s |
ΔT Sigma s |
Luna Num | Ecl Type | QLE | Gamma | Ecl Mag | Lat ° |
Long ° |
Sun Alt ° |
Path Width km | Central Dur | 81 | 46 | -1014-Dec-06 | 06:13:02 | 25504 | 648 | -37267 | P | -t | 1.4956 | 0.0764 | 63N | 131W | 0 | - | - | 82 | 47 | -0996-Dec-16 | 15:05:05 | 25180 | 620 | -37044 | P | -t | 1.4965 | 0.0738 | 64N | 85E | 0 | - | - | 83 | 48 | -0978-Dec-27 | 23:52:12 | 24858 | 613 | -36821 | P | -t | 1.5015 | 0.0634 | 65N | 58W | 0 | - | - | 84 | 49 | -0959-Jan-07 | 08:35:55 | 24538 | 606 | -36598 | P | -t | 1.5099 | 0.0465 | 66N | 160E | 0 | - | - | 85 | 50 | -0941-Jan-18 | 17:11:32 | 24220 | 600 | -36375 | Pe | -t | 1.5248 | 0.0169 | 67N | 18E | 0 | - | - |
Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 16
Solar eclipses of Saros 16 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -2456 Jul 23. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -0941 Jan 18. The total duration of Saros series 16 is 1514.53 years.
| Summary of Saros 16 | |
| First Eclipse | -2456 Jul 23 |
| Last Eclipse | -0941 Jan 18 |
| Series Duration | 1514.53 Years |
| No. of Eclipses | 85 |
| Sequence | 22P 33A 2H 7T 21P |
Saros 16 is composed of 85 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 16 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 85 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 43 | 50.6% |
| Annular | A | 33 | 38.8% |
| Total | T | 7 | 8.2% |
| Hybrid | H | 2 | 2.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 16 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 16 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 42 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 40 | 95.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.4% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.4% |
The 85 eclipses in Saros 16 occur in the following order : 22P 33A 2H 7T 21P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 16 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 16 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | -1915 Jun 13 | 06m40s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | -1482 Feb 27 | 00m02s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | -1374 May 03 | 02m07s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | -1320 Jun 04 | 01m30s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | -1446 Mar 21 | 01m09s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | -1464 Mar 10 | 00m36s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | -1302 Jun 15 | - | 0.88862 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | -0941 Jan 18 | - | 0.01694 |
Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Predictions
- Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses
- Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
- Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links
- Solar Eclipse Basics - a primer on solar eclipses
- Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series - covers Saros series -30 through 190
- Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - from -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
- World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page for world eclipse maps covering 5 millennia
- Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city
- Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication
- MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
- Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
- How to Photograph a Solar Eclipse - instructions for imaging an eclipse of the Sun
- MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs
Eclipse Publications
by Fred Espenak
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Calendar
The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.
The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
Eclipse Predictions
The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
- pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
- 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
- future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Acknowledgments
Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.
Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"
The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.