EclipseWise - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 77

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 77

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 77 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 77
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
1	-33	-0474-Jul-11	14:09:13	16636	421	-30593	Pb	t-	1.4889	0.1189	67N	142W	0	-	-
2	-32	-0456-Jul-21	20:56:45	16324	414	-30370	P	t-	1.4223	0.2363	68N	103E	0	-	-
3	-31	-0438-Aug-02	03:47:55	16028	408	-30147	P	t-	1.3588	0.3472	69N	12W	0	-	-
4	-30	-0420-Aug-12	10:47:19	15739	401	-29924	P	t-	1.3024	0.4447	70N	130W	0	-	-
5	-29	-0402-Aug-23	17:52:48	15451	395	-29701	P	t-	1.2511	0.5324	71N	110E	0	-	-
6	-28	-0384-Sep-03	01:07:29	15180	388	-29478	P	t-	1.2075	0.6064	71N	13W	0	-	-
7	-27	-0366-Sep-14	08:29:16	14911	382	-29255	P	t-	1.1699	0.6694	72N	139W	0	-	-
8	-26	-0348-Sep-24	16:00:52	14645	376	-29032	P	t-	1.1404	0.7182	72N	93E	0	-	-
9	-25	-0330-Oct-05	23:39:28	14394	370	-28809	P	t-	1.1170	0.7564	72N	37W	0	-	-
10	-24	-0312-Oct-16	07:25:04	14143	363	-28586	P	t-	1.0996	0.7846	72N	168W	0	-	-
11	-23	-0294-Oct-27	15:16:58	13897	357	-28363	P	t-	1.0875	0.8039	71N	59E	0	-	-
12	-22	-0276-Nov-06	23:14:10	13660	351	-28140	P	t-	1.0795	0.8164	70N	75W	0	-	-
13	-21	-0258-Nov-18	07:14:35	13422	345	-27917	P	t-	1.0746	0.8240	69N	152E	0	-	-
14	-20	-0240-Nov-28	15:16:01	13192	339	-27694	P	t-	1.0703	0.8307	68N	19E	0	-	-
15	-19	-0222-Dec-09	23:18:00	12968	333	-27471	P	t-	1.0666	0.8368	67N	114W	0	-	-
16	-18	-0204-Dec-20	07:18:15	12743	327	-27248	P	t-	1.0612	0.8461	66N	114E	0	-	-
17	-17	-0186-Dec-31	15:14:19	12530	322	-27025	P	t-	1.0523	0.8612	65N	16W	0	-	-
18	-16	-0167-Jan-10	23:05:20	12318	316	-26802	P	t-	1.0391	0.8838	64N	144W	0	-	-
19	-15	-0149-Jan-22	06:49:33	12107	310	-26579	A+	t-	1.0202	0.9162	63N	90E	0	-	-
20	-14	-0131-Feb-01	14:26:50	11907	304	-26356	An	t-	0.9954	0.9121	60N	29W	4	-	07m44s
21	-13	-0113-Feb-12	21:54:28	11706	299	-26133	A	t-	0.9623	0.9179	52N	135W	15	1138	07m42s
22	-12	-0095-Feb-23	05:14:12	11508	293	-25910	A	p-	0.9224	0.9229	48N	115E	22	733	07m19s
23	-11	-0077-Mar-06	12:24:15	11314	288	-25687	A	p-	0.8743	0.9279	45N	8E	29	540	06m50s
24	-10	-0059-Mar-16	19:25:25	11121	282	-25464	A	p-	0.8186	0.9329	44N	96W	35	422	06m19s
25	-9	-0041-Mar-28	02:17:58	10931	277	-25241	A	p-	0.7553	0.9377	43N	162E	41	343	05m50s
26	-8	-0023-Apr-07	09:03:25	10745	272	-25018	A	p-	0.6858	0.9425	43N	63E	46	285	05m23s
27	-7	-0005-Apr-18	15:42:55	10559	266	-24795	A	p-	0.6106	0.9470	42N	34W	52	242	05m00s
28	-6	0013-Apr-28	22:16:00	10379	261	-24572	A	p-	0.5295	0.9512	42N	130W	58	208	04m41s
29	-5	0031-May-10	04:46:34	10202	256	-24349	A	p-	0.4458	0.9549	41N	136E	63	183	04m26s
30	-4	0049-May-20	11:14:10	10025	251	-24126	A	p-	0.3590	0.9583	39N	43E	69	162	04m15s
31	-3	0067-May-31	17:42:07	9851	246	-23903	A	pn	0.2716	0.9612	37N	51W	74	146	04m08s
32	-2	0085-Jun-11	00:09:45	9678	241	-23680	A	nn	0.1830	0.9636	34N	146W	79	134	04m04s
33	-1	0103-Jun-22	06:41:55	9504	236	-23457	A	nn	0.0973	0.9654	29N	118E	84	125	04m02s
34	0	0121-Jul-02	13:17:21	9332	231	-23234	A	nn	0.0138	0.9668	24N	19E	89	120	04m02s
35	1	0139-Jul-13	19:59:05	9160	226	-23011	A	nn	-0.0653	0.9678	19N	81W	86	116	04m02s
36	2	0157-Jul-24	02:47:20	8989	221	-22788	Am	nn	-0.1399	0.9683	13N	175E	82	115	04m01s
37	3	0175-Aug-04	09:44:43	8817	216	-22565	A	nn	-0.2077	0.9684	6N	69E	78	116	03m59s
38	4	0193-Aug-14	16:50:41	8645	212	-22342	A	nn	-0.2690	0.9683	0S	39W	74	118	03m56s
39	5	0211-Aug-26	00:06:04	8473	207	-22119	A	-n	-0.3233	0.9680	7S	151W	71	122	03m51s
40	6	0229-Sep-05	07:31:55	8301	202	-21896	A	-n	-0.3694	0.9676	14S	95E	68	125	03m46s

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 77
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
41	7	0247-Sep-16	15:08:14	8129	198	-21673	A	-n	-0.4077	0.9671	20S	22W	66	129	03m40s
42	8	0265-Sep-26	22:54:30	7957	193	-21450	A	-p	-0.4385	0.9669	26S	141W	64	132	03m32s
43	9	0283-Oct-08	06:50:49	7785	189	-21227	A	-p	-0.4619	0.9669	32S	98E	62	134	03m24s
44	10	0301-Oct-18	14:56:09	7613	184	-21004	A	-p	-0.4785	0.9672	37S	25W	61	134	03m15s
45	11	0319-Oct-29	23:09:56	7439	180	-20781	A	-p	-0.4891	0.9679	42S	149W	60	132	03m04s
46	12	0337-Nov-09	07:29:07	7265	176	-20558	A	-p	-0.4959	0.9691	47S	87E	60	128	02m52s
47	13	0355-Nov-20	15:55:03	7090	171	-20335	A	-p	-0.4982	0.9709	50S	37W	60	121	02m38s
48	14	0373-Dec-01	00:23:32	6913	167	-20112	A	-p	-0.4995	0.9732	52S	161W	60	111	02m22s
49	15	0391-Dec-12	08:54:56	6735	163	-19889	A	-p	-0.4990	0.9762	54S	75E	60	98	02m04s
50	16	0409-Dec-22	17:24:38	6557	159	-19666	A	-p	-0.5008	0.9797	54S	47W	60	84	01m44s
51	17	0428-Jan-03	01:54:37	6377	155	-19443	A	-p	-0.5032	0.9838	52S	170W	60	66	01m22s
52	18	0446-Jan-13	10:20:11	6198	151	-19220	A	-p	-0.5104	0.9884	51S	67E	59	47	00m58s
53	19	0464-Jan-24	18:41:51	6022	147	-18997	A	-p	-0.5214	0.9935	48S	56W	58	26	00m32s
54	20	0482-Feb-04	02:56:48	5846	143	-18774	A	-p	-0.5388	0.9989	45S	178W	57	4	00m05s
55	21	0500-Feb-15	11:06:13	5670	139	-18551	H	-p	-0.5614	1.0046	42S	61E	56	19	00m22s
56	22	0518-Feb-25	19:08:12	5494	136	-18328	H	-p	-0.5911	1.0104	40S	60W	54	44	00m50s
57	23	0536-Mar-08	03:03:03	5319	132	-18105	T	-p	-0.6274	1.0162	37S	178W	51	70	01m18s
58	24	0554-Mar-19	10:50:37	5144	128	-17882	T	-p	-0.6707	1.0217	36S	65E	48	98	01m44s
59	25	0572-Mar-29	18:32:00	4972	125	-17659	T	-p	-0.7196	1.0270	35S	51W	44	129	02m10s
60	26	0590-Apr-10	02:06:31	4799	121	-17436	T	-p	-0.7750	1.0318	36S	165W	39	166	02m33s
61	27	0608-Apr-20	09:36:28	4629	117	-17213	T	-p	-0.8351	1.0358	38S	82E	33	214	02m51s
62	28	0626-May-01	17:01:37	4460	114	-16990	T	-p	-0.8996	1.0389	43S	29W	26	294	03m02s
63	29	0644-May-12	00:24:58	4292	111	-16767	T	-t	-0.9665	1.0400	52S	138W	14	530	02m56s
64	30	0662-May-23	07:44:32	4126	107	-16544	P	-t	-1.0370	0.9442	64S	119E	0	-	-
65	31	0680-Jun-02	15:04:49	3961	104	-16321	P	-t	-1.1074	0.8111	64S	2W	0	-	-
66	32	0698-Jun-13	22:24:13	3796	101	-16098	P	-t	-1.1787	0.6752	65S	122W	0	-	-
67	33	0716-Jun-24	05:46:42	3639	97	-15875	P	-t	-1.2482	0.5422	66S	116E	0	-	-
68	34	0734-Jul-05	13:10:10	3483	94	-15652	P	-t	-1.3171	0.4100	67S	6W	0	-	-
69	35	0752-Jul-15	20:39:31	3328	91	-15429	P	-t	-1.3815	0.2861	68S	130W	0	-	-
70	36	0770-Jul-27	04:12:45	3179	88	-15206	P	-t	-1.4427	0.1684	69S	104E	0	-	-
71	37	0788-Aug-06	11:52:45	3030	85	-14983	Pe	-t	-1.4988	0.0609	70S	24W	0	-	-

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 77

Solar eclipses of Saros 77 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -0474 Jul 11. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0788 Aug 06. The total duration of Saros series 77 is 1262.11 years.

Summary of Saros 77

First Eclipse	-0474 Jul 11
Last Eclipse	0788 Aug 06
Series Duration	1262.11 Years
No. of Eclipses	71
Sequence	18P 36A 2H 7T 8P

Saros 77 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 77
Eclipse Type	Symbol	Number	Percent
All Eclipses	-	71	100.0%
Partial	P	26	36.6%
Annular	A	36	50.7%
Total	T	7	9.9%
Hybrid	H	2	2.8%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 77 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 77
Classification	Number	Percent
All Umbral Eclipses	45	100.0%
Central (two limits)	43	95.6%
Central (one limit)	1	2.2%
Non-Central (one limit)	1	2.2%

The 71 eclipses in Saros 77 occur in the following order : 18P 36A 2H 7T 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 77 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 77
Extrema Type	Date	Duration	Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse	-0131 Feb 01	07m44s	-
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse	0482 Feb 04	00m05s	-
Longest Total Solar Eclipse	0626 May 01	03m02s	-
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse	0536 Mar 08	01m18s	-
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	0518 Feb 25	00m50s	-
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	0500 Feb 15	00m22s	-
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse	0662 May 23	-	0.94422
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse	0788 Aug 06	-	0.06090

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 77

Catalog of Saros Series of Solar Eclipses

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Predictions

Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links
Solar Eclipse Basics - a primer on solar eclipses

Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series - covers Saros series -30 through 190
Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - from -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page for world eclipse maps covering 5 millennia
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication

MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
How to Photograph a Solar Eclipse - instructions for imaging an eclipse of the Sun
MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.