EclipseWise - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 109

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 109

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 109 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 109
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
1	-43	0416-Sep-07	13:26:24	6490	158	-19583	Pb	t-	1.5079	0.0635	72N	112E	0	-	-
2	-42	0434-Sep-18	21:26:43	6311	154	-19360	P	t-	1.4689	0.1350	72N	23W	0	-	-
3	-41	0452-Sep-29	05:36:32	6132	150	-19137	P	t-	1.4370	0.1936	72N	160W	0	-	-
4	-40	0470-Oct-10	13:54:28	5956	146	-18914	P	t-	1.4112	0.2410	72N	61E	0	-	-
5	-39	0488-Oct-20	22:21:21	5781	142	-18691	P	t-	1.3922	0.2759	71N	81W	0	-	-
6	-38	0506-Nov-01	06:54:55	5605	138	-18468	P	t-	1.3781	0.3017	70N	137E	0	-	-
7	-37	0524-Nov-11	15:34:00	5429	134	-18245	P	t-	1.3681	0.3199	69N	6W	0	-	-
8	-36	0542-Nov-23	00:17:28	5253	130	-18022	P	t-	1.3613	0.3323	68N	149W	0	-	-
9	-35	0560-Dec-03	09:04:01	5080	127	-17799	P	t-	1.3565	0.3409	67N	67E	0	-	-
10	-34	0578-Dec-14	17:51:22	4908	123	-17576	P	t-	1.3522	0.3486	66N	76W	0	-	-
11	-33	0596-Dec-25	02:37:53	4735	120	-17353	P	t-	1.3468	0.3582	65N	141E	0	-	-
12	-32	0615-Jan-05	11:22:47	4566	116	-17130	P	t-	1.3398	0.3710	64N	1W	0	-	-
13	-31	0633-Jan-15	20:04:35	4398	113	-16907	P	t-	1.3296	0.3895	63N	141W	0	-	-
14	-30	0651-Jan-27	04:40:31	4229	109	-16684	P	t-	1.3146	0.4173	63N	80E	0	-	-
15	-29	0669-Feb-06	13:11:12	4064	106	-16461	P	t-	1.2950	0.4539	62N	57W	0	-	-
16	-28	0687-Feb-17	21:34:37	3899	103	-16238	P	t-	1.2692	0.5024	61N	167E	0	-	-
17	-27	0705-Feb-28	05:51:56	3737	99	-16015	P	t-	1.2381	0.5615	61N	33E	0	-	-
18	-26	0723-Mar-11	14:00:10	3581	96	-15792	P	t-	1.1993	0.6356	61N	98W	0	-	-
19	-25	0741-Mar-21	22:02:27	3425	93	-15569	P	t-	1.1554	0.7202	61N	132E	0	-	-
20	-24	0759-Apr-02	05:56:07	3272	90	-15346	P	t-	1.1045	0.8188	61N	4E	0	-	-
21	-23	0777-Apr-12	13:44:05	3123	87	-15123	P	t-	1.0486	0.9277	61N	122W	0	-	-
22	-22	0795-Apr-23	21:24:48	2974	84	-14900	Tn	t-	0.9864	1.0587	65N	131E	8	-	02m58s
23	-21	0813-May-04	05:01:46	2831	81	-14677	T	t-	0.9210	1.0658	69N	43E	23	557	03m34s
24	-20	0831-May-15	12:33:57	2689	78	-14454	T	p-	0.8515	1.0705	70N	50W	31	439	04m00s
25	-19	0849-May-25	20:03:18	2547	75	-14231	T	p-	0.7795	1.0738	69N	145W	38	383	04m22s
26	-18	0867-Jun-06	03:30:53	2416	73	-14008	T	p-	0.7059	1.0760	67N	117E	45	349	04m43s
27	-17	0885-Jun-16	10:57:59	2285	70	-13785	T	p-	0.6321	1.0772	63N	16E	51	323	05m01s
28	-16	0903-Jun-27	18:25:56	2157	67	-13562	T	p-	0.5586	1.0773	57N	89W	56	302	05m18s
29	-15	0921-Jul-08	01:54:57	2039	65	-13339	T	p-	0.4863	1.0765	51N	163E	61	284	05m32s
30	-14	0939-Jul-19	09:27:50	1920	62	-13116	T	p-	0.4173	1.0748	45N	51E	65	267	05m42s
31	-13	0957-Jul-29	17:04:28	1806	59	-12893	T	n-	0.3519	1.0723	38N	63W	69	251	05m46s
32	-12	0975-Aug-10	00:46:01	1699	57	-12670	T	n-	0.2908	1.0692	31N	179W	73	236	05m45s
33	-11	0993-Aug-20	08:33:34	1591	55	-12447	T	n-	0.2351	1.0654	24N	62E	76	220	05m37s
34	-10	1011-Aug-31	16:27:45	1494	52	-12224	T	n-	0.1852	1.0612	17N	58W	79	204	05m25s
35	-9	1029-Sep-11	00:29:22	1403	50	-12001	T	n-	0.1423	1.0567	10N	180E	82	189	05m07s
36	-8	1047-Sep-22	08:36:48	1312	48	-11778	T	nn	0.1047	1.0519	4N	56E	84	173	04m47s
37	-7	1065-Oct-02	16:52:50	1230	46	-11555	T	nn	0.0747	1.0471	2S	70W	86	157	04m24s
38	-6	1083-Oct-14	01:15:11	1149	43	-11332	T	nn	0.0504	1.0424	7S	163E	87	142	04m00s
39	-5	1101-Oct-24	09:45:12	1070	41	-11109	T	nn	0.0329	1.0378	12S	35E	88	127	03m37s
40	-4	1119-Nov-04	18:19:34	1002	39	-10886	T	nn	0.0194	1.0336	16S	94W	89	113	03m14s

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 109
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
41	-3	1137-Nov-15	03:00:17	934	37	-10663	Tm	nn	0.0117	1.0297	20S	136E	89	101	02m53s
42	-2	1155-Nov-26	11:43:34	869	35	-10440	T	nn	0.0063	1.0263	22S	6E	90	89	02m34s
43	-1	1173-Dec-06	20:29:26	812	33	-10217	T	nn	0.0035	1.0234	23S	125W	90	80	02m17s
44	0	1191-Dec-18	05:15:18	755	32	-9994	T	nn	0.0009	1.0209	24S	105E	90	71	02m02s
45	1	1209-Dec-28	14:00:50	702	30	-9771	T	nn	-0.0017	1.0190	23S	26W	90	65	01m50s
46	2	1228-Jan-08	22:42:51	652	28	-9548	H3	nn	-0.0067	1.0176	22S	155W	89	60	01m40s
47	3	1246-Jan-19	07:20:30	602	26	-9325	H	nn	-0.0150	1.0166	20S	76E	89	57	01m34s
48	4	1264-Jan-30	15:52:23	560	25	-9102	H	nn	-0.0276	1.0159	17S	51W	88	55	01m29s
49	5	1282-Feb-10	00:17:55	521	23	-8879	H	nn	-0.0450	1.0156	14S	177W	87	54	01m26s
50	6	1300-Feb-21	08:33:57	482	22	-8656	H	nn	-0.0698	1.0154	12S	59E	86	53	01m24s
51	7	1318-Mar-03	16:42:08	450	20	-8433	H	-n	-0.1002	1.0153	9S	63W	84	53	01m24s
52	8	1336-Mar-14	00:40:13	418	20	-8210	H	-n	-0.1385	1.0152	6S	177E	82	52	01m23s
53	9	1354-Mar-25	08:30:18	387	20	-7987	H	-n	-0.1828	1.0149	4S	60E	79	52	01m23s
54	10	1372-Apr-04	16:08:59	358	20	-7764	H	-n	-0.2358	1.0143	3S	54W	76	50	01m22s
55	11	1390-Apr-15	23:40:34	330	20	-7541	H	-n	-0.2940	1.0133	3S	167W	73	48	01m19s
56	12	1408-Apr-26	07:02:08	304	20	-7318	H	-p	-0.3594	1.0119	3S	83E	69	44	01m13s
57	13	1426-May-07	14:17:30	281	20	-7095	H	-p	-0.4293	1.0100	5S	26W	65	38	01m03s
58	14	1444-May-17	21:24:40	258	20	-6872	H	-p	-0.5052	1.0074	8S	133W	60	29	00m48s
59	15	1462-May-29	04:28:00	237	20	-6649	H	-p	-0.5832	1.0042	12S	120E	54	18	00m28s
60	16	1480-Jun-08	11:26:06	217	20	-6426	H	-p	-0.6643	1.0002	18S	14E	48	1	00m02s
61	17	1498-Jun-19	18:21:37	198	20	-6203	A	-p	-0.7466	0.9956	25S	92W	42	23	00m29s
62	18	1516-Jun-30	01:15:14	180	20	-5980	A	-t	-0.8290	0.9899	34S	161E	34	64	01m03s
63	19	1534-Jul-11	08:08:45	162	20	-5757	A	-t	-0.9103	0.9833	45S	52E	24	144	01m35s
64	20	1552-Jul-21	15:03:46	146	20	-5534	A	-t	-0.9892	0.9742	63S	65W	7	724	02m05s
65	21	1570-Aug-01	22:00:21	135	20	-5311	P	-t	-1.0655	0.8624	70S	172E	0	-	-
66	22	1588-Aug-22	05:01:46	124	20	-5088	P	-t	-1.1364	0.7355	71S	54E	0	-	-
67	23	1606-Sep-02	12:07:22	108	19	-4865	P	-t	-1.2026	0.6183	72S	66W	0	-	-
68	24	1624-Sep-12	19:19:25	82	16	-4642	P	-t	-1.2624	0.5133	72S	171E	0	-	-
69	25	1642-Sep-24	02:37:36	56	14	-4419	P	-t	-1.3163	0.4200	72S	48E	0	-	-
70	26	1660-Oct-04	10:03:43	35	11	-4196	P	-t	-1.3629	0.3402	72S	78W	0	-	-
71	27	1678-Oct-15	17:36:58	16	8	-3973	P	-t	-1.4026	0.2731	72S	154E	0	-	-
72	28	1696-Oct-26	01:17:06	8	5	-3750	P	-t	-1.4361	0.2173	71S	26E	0	-	-
73	29	1714-Nov-07	09:04:34	9	4	-3527	P	-t	-1.4630	0.1731	70S	104W	0	-	-
74	30	1732-Nov-17	16:58:51	11	4	-3304	P	-t	-1.4841	0.1390	69S	125E	0	-	-
75	31	1750-Nov-29	00:58:14	12	3	-3081	P	-t	-1.5004	0.1130	68S	6W	0	-	-
76	32	1768-Dec-09	09:01:38	15	2	-2858	P	-t	-1.5129	0.0933	67S	138W	0	-	-
77	33	1786-Dec-20	17:07:24	16	2	-2635	P	-t	-1.5232	0.0773	66S	90E	0	-	-
78	34	1805-Jan-01	01:14:57	12	1	-2412	P	-t	-1.5315	0.0642	65S	42W	0	-	-
79	35	1823-Jan-12	09:20:12	11	1	-2189	P	-t	-1.5413	0.0484	64S	173W	0	-	-
80	36	1841-Jan-22	17:24:15	6	1	-1966	P	-t	-1.5515	0.0317	63S	57E	0	-	-

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 109
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
81	37	1859-Feb-03	01:22:42	8	0	-1743	Pe	-t	-1.5659	0.0078	62S	72W	0	-	-

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 109

Solar eclipses of Saros 109 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0416 Sep 07. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1859 Feb 03. The total duration of Saros series 109 is 1442.41 years.

Summary of Saros 109

First Eclipse	0416 Sep 07
Last Eclipse	1859 Feb 03
Series Duration	1442.41 Years
No. of Eclipses	81
Sequence	21P 24T 15H 4A 17P

Saros 109 is composed of 81 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 109
Eclipse Type	Symbol	Number	Percent
All Eclipses	-	81	100.0%
Partial	P	38	46.9%
Annular	A	4	4.9%
Total	T	24	29.6%
Hybrid	H	15	18.5%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 109 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 109
Classification	Number	Percent
All Umbral Eclipses	43	100.0%
Central (two limits)	42	97.7%
Central (one limit)	1	2.3%
Non-Central (one limit)	0	0.0%

The 81 eclipses in Saros 109 occur in the following order : 21P 24T 15H 4A 17P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 109 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 109
Extrema Type	Date	Duration	Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse	1552 Jul 21	02m05s	-
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse	1498 Jun 19	00m29s	-
Longest Total Solar Eclipse	0957 Jul 29	05m46s	-
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse	1209 Dec 28	01m50s	-
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	1228 Jan 08	01m40s	-
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	1480 Jun 08	00m02s	-
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse	0777 Apr 12	-	0.92767
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse	1859 Feb 03	-	0.00775

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 109

Catalog of Saros Series of Solar Eclipses

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Predictions

Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links
Solar Eclipse Basics - a primer on solar eclipses

Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series - covers Saros series -30 through 190
Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - from -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page for world eclipse maps covering 5 millennia
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication

MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
How to Photograph a Solar Eclipse - instructions for imaging an eclipse of the Sun
MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.