EclipseWise - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 138

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 138

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 138 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 138
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
1	-33	1472-Jun-06	20:20:30	226	20	-6525	Pb	t-	-1.5449	0.0208	66S	132W	0	-	-
2	-32	1490-Jun-18	02:55:28	207	20	-6302	P	t-	-1.4661	0.1591	65S	119E	0	-	-
3	-31	1508-Jun-28	09:28:42	188	20	-6079	P	t-	-1.3860	0.2992	64S	10E	0	-	-
4	-30	1526-Jul-09	16:02:40	170	20	-5856	P	t-	-1.3063	0.4378	64S	98W	0	-	-
5	-29	1544-Jul-19	22:38:20	152	20	-5633	P	t-	-1.2282	0.5730	63S	154E	0	-	-
6	-28	1562-Jul-31	05:16:45	140	20	-5410	P	t-	-1.1522	0.7033	62S	45E	0	-	-
7	-27	1580-Aug-10	12:00:04	129	20	-5187	P	t-	-1.0803	0.8257	62S	65W	0	-	-
8	-26	1598-Aug-31	18:48:47	118	20	-4964	A-	t-	-1.0126	0.9397	61S	176W	0	-	-
9	-25	1616-Sep-11	01:44:05	94	17	-4741	A	t-	-0.9506	0.9319	54S	102E	18	808	05m42s
10	-24	1634-Sep-22	08:47:03	68	15	-4518	A	p-	-0.8948	0.9300	52S	2E	26	572	06m03s
11	-23	1652-Oct-02	15:58:29	44	12	-4295	A	p-	-0.8459	0.9275	51S	103W	32	497	06m19s
12	-22	1670-Oct-13	23:19:00	24	9	-4072	A	p-	-0.8044	0.9247	52S	149E	36	467	06m34s
13	-21	1688-Oct-24	06:46:41	9	7	-3849	A	p-	-0.7686	0.9221	54S	39E	39	453	06m49s
14	-20	1706-Nov-05	14:23:56	8	5	-3626	A	p-	-0.7407	0.9196	57S	73W	42	449	07m02s
15	-19	1724-Nov-15	22:07:37	10	4	-3403	A	p-	-0.7184	0.9174	60S	175E	44	448	07m15s
16	-18	1742-Nov-27	05:58:59	12	3	-3180	A	p-	-0.7019	0.9156	63S	62E	45	450	07m26s
17	-17	1760-Dec-07	13:53:44	15	3	-2957	A	p-	-0.6882	0.9144	65S	49W	46	451	07m36s
18	-16	1778-Dec-18	21:53:53	16	2	-2734	A	p-	-0.6788	0.9137	66S	161W	47	450	07m44s
19	-15	1796-Dec-29	05:54:58	15	1	-2511	A	p-	-0.6703	0.9136	66S	89E	48	446	07m51s
20	-14	1815-Jan-10	13:57:06	12	1	-2288	A	p-	-0.6626	0.9143	64S	24W	48	438	07m55s
21	-13	1833-Jan-20	21:56:55	6	1	-2065	A	p-	-0.6530	0.9155	61S	137W	49	426	07m59s
22	-12	1851-Feb-01	05:54:27	7	1	-1842	A	p-	-0.6413	0.9175	56S	107E	50	409	08m01s
23	-11	1869-Feb-11	13:46:39	2	0	-1619	A	p-	-0.6251	0.9201	51S	10W	51	387	08m02s
24	-10	1887-Feb-22	21:33:03	-6	0	-1396	A	p-	-0.6040	0.9232	46S	127W	53	362	08m01s
25	-9	1905-Mar-06	05:12:26	4	0	-1173	A	p-	-0.5768	0.9269	40S	117E	55	334	07m58s
26	-8	1923-Mar-17	12:44:58	23	0	-950	A	p-	-0.5438	0.9310	33S	2E	57	305	07m51s
27	-7	1941-Mar-27	20:08:08	25	0	-727	A	p-	-0.5025	0.9355	26S	111W	60	276	07m41s
28	-6	1959-Apr-08	03:24:08	33	0	-504	A	p-	-0.4546	0.9401	19S	138E	63	247	07m26s
29	-5	1977-Apr-18	10:31:30	48	0	-281	A	p-	-0.3990	0.9449	12S	28E	66	220	07m04s
30	-4	1995-Apr-29	17:33:21	61	0	-58	A	p-	-0.3382	0.9497	5S	79W	70	195	06m37s
31	-3	2013-May-10	00:26:20	67	0	165	A	pn	-0.2694	0.9544	2N	175E	74	173	06m03s
32	-2	2031-May-21	07:16:04	74	2	388	A	nn	-0.1970	0.9589	9N	72E	79	152	05m26s
33	-1	2049-May-31	13:59:59	82	9	611	A	nn	-0.1187	0.9631	15N	30W	83	134	04m45s
34	0	2067-Jun-11	20:42:26	94	17	834	A	nn	-0.0387	0.9670	21N	130W	88	119	04m05s
35	1	2085-Jun-22	03:21:16	108	28	1057	A	nn	0.0453	0.9704	26N	131E	87	106	03m29s
36	2	2103-Jul-04	10:01:48	124	40	1280	Am	nn	0.1285	0.9734	30N	33E	82	96	02m57s
37	3	2121-Jul-14	16:42:38	143	54	1503	A	nn	0.2125	0.9758	34N	65W	78	88	02m32s
38	4	2139-Jul-25	23:26:33	165	69	1726	A	nn	0.2946	0.9778	36N	163W	73	83	02m13s
39	5	2157-Aug-05	06:14:19	189	85	1949	A	-p	0.3743	0.9792	37N	99E	68	80	01m59s
40	6	2175-Aug-16	13:08:17	216	103	2172	A	-p	0.4497	0.9802	38N	1W	63	78	01m50s

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 138
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
41	7	2193-Aug-26	20:09:19	245	121	2395	A	-p	0.5200	0.9806	37N	104W	58	80	01m45s
42	8	2211-Sep-08	03:17:18	277	141	2618	A	-p	0.5855	0.9808	37N	152E	54	83	01m43s
43	9	2229-Sep-18	10:34:51	311	162	2841	A	-p	0.6439	0.9805	36N	44E	50	89	01m44s
44	10	2247-Sep-29	18:01:05	348	184	3064	A	-p	0.6961	0.9801	36N	67W	46	96	01m47s
45	11	2265-Oct-10	01:37:34	388	206	3287	A	-p	0.7405	0.9796	35N	179E	42	105	01m51s
46	12	2283-Oct-21	09:23:10	430	230	3510	A	-p	0.7783	0.9790	35N	62E	39	116	01m56s
47	13	2301-Nov-01	17:19:32	475	255	3733	A	-p	0.8080	0.9786	35N	58W	36	126	02m01s
48	14	2319-Nov-13	01:24:38	522	281	3956	A	-p	0.8314	0.9784	35N	179E	33	136	02m04s
49	15	2337-Nov-23	09:37:55	572	307	4179	A	-p	0.8488	0.9786	35N	53E	32	142	02m05s
50	16	2355-Dec-04	17:58:36	624	335	4402	A	-p	0.8609	0.9792	36N	76W	30	145	02m02s
51	17	2373-Dec-15	02:25:54	679	363	4625	A	-p	0.8678	0.9803	37N	154E	29	141	01m56s
52	18	2391-Dec-26	10:57:14	737	392	4848	A	-p	0.8724	0.9820	38N	23E	29	131	01m46s
53	19	2410-Jan-05	19:31:38	797	422	5071	A	-p	0.8749	0.9842	39N	109W	29	116	01m31s
54	20	2428-Jan-17	04:07:20	860	453	5294	A	-p	0.8770	0.9870	41N	118E	28	96	01m13s
55	21	2446-Jan-27	12:43:49	925	485	5517	A	-p	0.8790	0.9903	43N	15W	28	72	00m53s
56	22	2464-Feb-07	21:17:15	993	518	5740	A	-p	0.8840	0.9941	46N	148W	27	44	00m31s
57	23	2482-Feb-18	05:48:51	1064	551	5963	A	-p	0.8912	0.9982	49N	80E	27	14	00m09s
58	24	2500-Mar-01	14:14:45	1137	585	6186	H	-p	0.9038	1.0026	54N	52W	25	21	00m12s
59	25	2518-Mar-12	22:37:00	1212	620	6409	T	-p	0.9200	1.0071	59N	175E	23	63	00m31s
60	26	2536-Mar-23	06:51:04	1291	656	6632	T	-p	0.9436	1.0115	65N	41E	19	121	00m46s
61	27	2554-Apr-03	15:00:49	1371	693	6855	T	-p	0.9714	1.0153	72N	104W	13	232	00m56s
62	28	2572-Apr-13	23:02:06	1455	730	7078	P	-t	1.0069	0.9901	72N	80E	0	-	-
63	29	2590-Apr-25	06:57:44	1541	769	7301	P	-t	1.0476	0.9165	71N	51W	0	-	-
64	30	2608-May-06	14:45:30	1629	808	7524	P	-t	1.0955	0.8287	70N	179E	0	-	-
65	31	2626-May-17	22:28:38	1720	848	7747	P	-t	1.1477	0.7317	69N	52E	0	-	-
66	32	2644-May-28	06:05:55	1814	888	7970	P	-t	1.2052	0.6235	68N	74W	0	-	-
67	33	2662-Jun-08	13:38:40	1910	929	8193	P	-t	1.2667	0.5067	67N	163E	0	-	-
68	34	2680-Jun-18	21:08:06	2009	972	8416	P	-t	1.3316	0.3826	66N	40E	0	-	-
69	35	2698-Jun-30	04:35:41	2110	1014	8639	P	-t	1.3984	0.2538	65N	81W	0	-	-
70	36	2716-Jul-11	12:01:40	2214	1058	8862	Pe	-t	1.4667	0.1218	64N	158E	0	-	-

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 138

Solar eclipses of Saros 138 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1472 Jun 06. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2716 Jul 11. The total duration of Saros series 138 is 1244.08 years.

Summary of Saros 138

First Eclipse	1472 Jun 06
Last Eclipse	2716 Jul 11
Series Duration	1244.08 Years
No. of Eclipses	70
Sequence	7P 50A 1H 3T 9P

Saros 138 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 138
Eclipse Type	Symbol	Number	Percent
All Eclipses	-	70	100.0%
Partial	P	16	22.9%
Annular	A	50	71.4%
Total	T	3	4.3%
Hybrid	H	1	1.4%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 138 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 138
Classification	Number	Percent
All Umbral Eclipses	54	100.0%
Central (two limits)	53	98.1%
Central (one limit)	0	0.0%
Non-Central (one limit)	1	1.9%

The 70 eclipses in Saros 138 occur in the following order : 7P 50A 1H 3T 9P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 138 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 138
Extrema Type	Date	Duration	Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse	1869 Feb 11	08m02s	-
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse	2482 Feb 18	00m09s	-
Longest Total Solar Eclipse	2554 Apr 03	00m56s	-
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse	2518 Mar 12	00m31s	-
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	2500 Mar 01	00m12s	-
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	2500 Mar 01	00m12s	-
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse	2572 Apr 13	-	0.99011
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse	1472 Jun 06	-	0.02085

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 138

Catalog of Saros Series of Solar Eclipses

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Predictions

Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links
Solar Eclipse Basics - a primer on solar eclipses

Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series - covers Saros series -30 through 190
Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - from -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page for world eclipse maps covering 5 millennia
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication

MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
How to Photograph a Solar Eclipse - instructions for imaging an eclipse of the Sun
MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.