Saros 165

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 165

Fred Espenak

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 165

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 165 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 165
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s		 ΔT Sigma
s		 Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°		 Long

°		 Sun Alt
°		 Path Width km Central Dur
1-39 2145-Oct-1609:11:28 173 74 1803 Pb t- 1.5190 0.0360 71N 101E 0 - -
2-38 2163-Oct-2717:20:52 198 91 2026 P t- 1.4918 0.0889 71N 35W 0 - -
3-37 2181-Nov-0701:38:23 225 109 2249 P t- 1.4718 0.1281 70N 172W 0 - -
4-36 2199-Nov-1810:01:01 256 128 2472 P t- 1.4563 0.1584 69N 51E 0 - -
5-35 2217-Nov-2918:29:50 288 148 2695 P t- 1.4463 0.1783 68N 88W 0 - -
6-34 2235-Dec-1103:02:34 324 169 2918 P t- 1.4400 0.1914 67N 133E 0 - -
7-33 2253-Dec-2111:39:39 362 191 3141 P t- 1.4374 0.1973 66N 7W 0 - -
8-32 2272-Jan-0120:17:51 402 214 3364 P t- 1.4365 0.2000 65N 146W 0 - -
9-31 2290-Jan-1204:56:33 445 239 3587 P t- 1.4365 0.2010 64N 74E 0 - -
10-30 2308-Jan-2413:33:40 491 264 3810 P t- 1.4358 0.2030 63N 64W 0 - -
11-29 2326-Feb-0322:08:48 539 290 4033 P t- 1.4339 0.2069 63N 158E 0 - -
12-28 2344-Feb-1506:37:57 590 316 4256 P t- 1.4280 0.2179 62N 22E 0 - -
13-27 2362-Feb-2515:02:02 643 344 4479 P t- 1.4189 0.2345 62N 112W 0 - -
14-26 2380-Mar-0723:17:51 699 373 4702 P t- 1.4038 0.2616 61N 115E 0 - -
15-25 2398-Mar-1907:27:07 758 402 4925 P t- 1.3843 0.2966 61N 16W 0 - -
16-24 2416-Mar-2915:24:53 819 433 5148 P t- 1.3563 0.3467 61N 143W 0 - -
17-23 2434-Apr-0923:15:23 882 464 5371 P t- 1.3232 0.4059 61N 90E 0 - -
18-22 2452-Apr-2006:54:26 948 496 5594 P t- 1.2818 0.4798 62N 33W 0 - -
19-21 2470-May-0114:25:39 1017 529 5817 P t- 1.2347 0.5639 62N 154W 0 - -
20-20 2488-May-1121:45:54 1089 563 6040 P t- 1.1792 0.6627 63N 87E 0 - -
21-19 2506-May-2404:59:34 1163 597 6263 P t- 1.1191 0.7696 64N 30W 0 - -
22-18 2524-Jun-0312:04:38 1239 633 6486 P t- 1.0528 0.8874 65N 146W 0 - -
23-17 2542-Jun-1419:03:07 1318 669 6709 A t- 0.9815 0.9737 75N 112E 10 53901m30s
24-16 2560-Jun-2501:55:48 1400 706 6932 A p- 0.9062 0.9754 86N 90E 25 21101m35s
25-15 2578-Jul-0608:44:42 1484 744 7155 A p- 0.8284 0.9753 79N 60E 34 15901m45s
26-14 2596-Jul-1615:30:47 1571 782 7378 A p- 0.7487 0.9741 69N 34W 41 14102m00s
27-13 2614-Jul-2822:14:46 1660 821 7601 A p- 0.6680 0.9721 60N 133W 48 13502m21s
28-12 2632-Aug-0804:59:24 1752 861 7824 A p- 0.5885 0.9695 51N 125E 54 13602m49s
29-11 2650-Aug-1911:45:20 1847 902 8047 A p- 0.5109 0.9663 42N 22E 59 14103m21s
30-10 2668-Aug-2918:33:46 1944 944 8270 A p- 0.4359 0.9627 34N 82W 64 14903m59s
31 -9 2686-Sep-1001:25:56 2043 986 8493 A p- 0.3646 0.9587 25N 173E 68 16004m41s
32 -8 2704-Sep-2108:23:49 2146 1029 8716 A nn 0.2984 0.9545 17N 67E 73 17305m26s
33 -7 2722-Oct-0215:28:03 2250 1073 8939 A nn 0.2383 0.9501 10N 41W 76 18806m12s
34 -6 2740-Oct-1222:38:21 2358 1118 9162 A nn 0.1837 0.9456 2N 150W 79 20406m59s
35 -5 2758-Oct-2405:56:55 2468 1163 9385 A nn 0.1363 0.9412 4S 99E 82 22007m44s
36 -4 2776-Nov-0313:23:16 2580 1209 9608 A nn 0.0955 0.9369 10S 13W 85 23608m25s
37 -3 2794-Nov-1420:57:51 2695 1256 9831 Am nn 0.0619 0.9329 15S 127W 87 25109m02s
38 -2 2812-Nov-2504:38:58 2813 1304 10054 A nn 0.0340 0.9292 19S 119E 88 26609m33s
39 -1 2830-Dec-0612:27:13 2933 1352 10277 A nn 0.0123 0.9261 22S 3E 89 27809m57s
40 0 2848-Dec-1620:21:16 3056 1401 10500 A nn -0.0046 0.9233 24S 114W 90 28910m13s
Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 165
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s		 ΔT Sigma
s		 Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°		 Long

°		 Sun Alt
°		 Path Width km Central Dur
41 1 2866-Dec-2804:18:54 3182 1451 10723 A nn -0.0185 0.9213 24S 129E 89 29810m19s
42 2 2885-Jan-0712:20:19 3309 1502 10946 A nn -0.0290 0.9197 24S 10E 88 30410m20s
43 3 2903-Jan-1920:22:14 3440 1553 11169 A nn -0.0392 0.9189 23S 108W 88 30810m12s
44 4 2921-Jan-3004:24:52 3573 1605 11392 A nn -0.0483 0.9187 20S 133E 87 30910m01s
45 5 2939-Feb-1012:23:33 3709 1658 11615 A nn -0.0609 0.9191 18S 14E 86 30709m45s
46 6 2957-Feb-2020:20:25 3847 1711 11838 A nn -0.0747 0.9201 15S 104W 86 30309m28s
47 7 2975-Mar-0404:10:57 3988 1765 12061 A nn -0.0940 0.9217 11S 139E 85 29709m10s
48 8 2993-Mar-1411:55:53 4131 1820 12284 A nn -0.1177 0.9238 8S 24E 83 28908m53s
49 9 3011-Mar-2619:32:16 4277 1876 12507 A nn -0.1484 0.9262 5S 90W 81 28008m37s
50 10 3029-Apr-0603:02:07 4426 1932 12730 A nn -0.1846 0.9290 3S 159E 79 27008m23s
51 11 3047-Apr-1710:23:09 4577 1989 12953 A nn -0.2283 0.9320 1S 49E 77 26008m10s
52 12 3065-Apr-2717:35:39 4731 2047 13176 A nn -0.2793 0.9352 1S 58W 74 25008m00s
53 13 3083-May-0900:40:04 4887 2106 13399 A -p -0.3370 0.9383 1S 163W 70 24207m50s
54 14 3101-May-2007:37:23 5046 2165 13622 A -p -0.4005 0.9414 3S 93E 66 23507m41s
55 15 3119-May-3114:27:21 5207 2225 13845 A -p -0.4703 0.9443 6S 9W 62 23207m28s
56 16 3137-Jun-1021:11:47 5371 2285 14068 A -p -0.5450 0.9468 10S 110W 57 23307m12s
57 17 3155-Jun-2203:51:30 5538 2347 14291 A -p -0.6236 0.9490 15S 150E 51 23906m49s
58 18 3173-Jul-0210:28:49 5707 2409 14514 A -p -0.7042 0.9507 22S 49E 45 25506m21s
59 19 3191-Jul-1317:02:14 5879 2471 14737 A -p -0.7882 0.9518 31S 52W 38 28705m48s
60 20 3209-Jul-2323:36:51 6053 2535 14960 A -p -0.8713 0.9520 41S 155W 29 35905m12s
61 21 3227-Aug-0406:11:13 6230 2599 15183 A -t -0.9546 0.9509 55S 98E 17 61604m35s
62 22 3245-Aug-1412:50:00 6409 2664 15406 P -t -1.0346 0.9087 71S 29W 0 - -
63 23 3263-Aug-2519:30:38 6591 2729 15629 P -t -1.1133 0.7725 72S 142W 0 - -
64 24 3281-Sep-0502:19:06 6776 2795 15852 P -t -1.1858 0.6466 72S 103E 0 - -
65 25 3299-Sep-1609:12:36 6963 2862 16075 P -t -1.2545 0.5270 72S 13W 0 - -
66 26 3317-Sep-2716:14:50 7152 2930 16298 P -t -1.3167 0.4189 72S 132W 0 - -
67 27 3335-Oct-0823:24:16 7345 2998 16521 P -t -1.3736 0.3198 72S 107E 0 - -
68 28 3353-Oct-1906:44:38 7540 3067 16744 P -t -1.4224 0.2349 71S 16W 0 - -
69 29 3371-Oct-3014:13:41 7737 3137 16967 P -t -1.4647 0.1615 71S 140W 0 - -
70 30 3389-Nov-0921:52:22 7937 3207 17190 P -t -1.5000 0.1001 70S 93E 0 - -
71 31 3407-Nov-2205:40:40 8140 3278 17413 P -t -1.5283 0.0509 69S 35W 0 - -
72 32 3425-Dec-0213:38:33 8345 3350 17636 Pe -t -1.5500 0.0131 68S 165W 0 - -

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 165

Solar eclipses of Saros 165 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2145 Oct 16. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3425 Dec 02. The total duration of Saros series 165 is 1280.14 years.

Summary of Saros 165
First Eclipse 2145 Oct 16
Last Eclipse 3425 Dec 02
Series Duration 1280.14 Years
No. of Eclipses 72
Sequence 22P 39A 11P

Saros 165 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 165
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 33 45.8%
AnnularA 39 54.2%
TotalT 0 0.0%
HybridH 0 0.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 165 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 165
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 39100.0%
Central (two limits) 39100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The 72 eclipses in Saros 165 occur in the following order : 22P 39A 11P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 165 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 165
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 2885 Jan 0710m20s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 2542 Jun 1401m30s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 3245 Aug 14 - 0.90870
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 3425 Dec 02 - 0.01312

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 165

Catalog of Saros Series of Solar Eclipses

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

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Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.