EclipseWise - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 23

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 23

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 23 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 23
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
1	-35	-2145-May-07	23:06:21	49973	4361	-51263	Pb	t-	1.4865	0.1200	61N	69W	0	-	-
2	-34	-2127-May-18	05:39:52	49519	4280	-51040	P	t-	1.3999	0.2717	61N	179W	0	-	-
3	-33	-2109-May-29	12:15:53	49067	4200	-50817	P	t-	1.3138	0.4233	62N	72E	0	-	-
4	-32	-2091-Jun-08	18:55:55	48618	4121	-50594	P	t-	1.2295	0.5725	63N	40W	0	-	-
5	-31	-2073-Jun-20	01:42:14	48170	4042	-50371	P	t-	1.1490	0.7157	64N	152W	0	-	-
6	-30	-2055-Jun-30	08:35:42	47725	3964	-50148	P	t-	1.0732	0.8507	64N	93E	0	-	-
7	-29	-2037-Jul-11	15:38:14	47281	3886	-49925	A+	t-	1.0032	0.9755	65N	25W	0	-	-
8	-28	-2019-Jul-21	22:49:00	46840	3810	-49702	A	t-	0.9388	0.9781	86N	132W	20	233	01m20s
9	-27	-2001-Aug-02	06:10:40	46401	3734	-49479	A	t-	0.8824	0.9805	84N	51W	28	149	01m16s
10	-26	-1983-Aug-12	13:42:27	45964	3658	-49256	A	p-	0.8334	0.9820	75N	168W	33	116	01m15s
11	-25	-1965-Aug-23	21:24:35	45529	3584	-49033	A	p-	0.7921	0.9831	68N	73E	37	98	01m14s
12	-24	-1947-Sep-03	05:17:23	45095	3510	-48810	A	p-	0.7587	0.9839	61N	49W	40	88	01m14s
13	-23	-1929-Sep-14	13:20:19	44664	3436	-48587	A	p-	0.7328	0.9846	55N	173W	43	80	01m14s
14	-22	-1911-Sep-24	21:33:14	44236	3364	-48364	A	p-	0.7146	0.9854	49N	60E	44	73	01m14s
15	-21	-1893-Oct-06	05:53:01	43809	3292	-48141	A	p-	0.7013	0.9864	43N	69W	45	67	01m11s
16	-20	-1875-Oct-16	14:21:13	43384	3221	-47918	A	p-	0.6943	0.9877	39N	160E	46	60	01m07s
17	-19	-1857-Oct-27	22:54:07	42961	3150	-47695	A	p-	0.6903	0.9895	34N	28E	46	51	00m59s
18	-18	-1839-Nov-07	07:31:48	42540	3080	-47472	A	p-	0.6896	0.9917	31N	106W	46	40	00m48s
19	-17	-1821-Nov-18	16:10:09	42122	3011	-47249	A	p-	0.6888	0.9945	27N	121E	46	26	00m33s
20	-16	-1803-Nov-29	00:50:19	41705	2943	-47026	A	p-	0.6887	0.9979	24N	13W	46	10	00m13s
21	-15	-1785-Dec-10	09:28:16	41291	2875	-46803	H	p-	0.6859	1.0019	22N	147W	47	9	00m12s
22	-14	-1767-Dec-20	18:03:42	40879	2808	-46580	H	p-	0.6803	1.0065	20N	80E	47	31	00m41s
23	-13	-1748-Jan-01	02:34:05	40468	2741	-46357	H	p-	0.6697	1.0117	18N	51W	48	54	01m12s
24	-12	-1730-Jan-11	10:59:28	40060	2676	-46134	T	p-	0.6543	1.0173	17N	179E	49	78	01m45s
25	-11	-1712-Jan-22	19:17:25	39654	2611	-45911	T	p-	0.6321	1.0233	16N	51E	51	102	02m19s
26	-10	-1694-Feb-02	03:28:31	39250	2547	-45688	T	p-	0.6034	1.0296	15N	75W	53	125	02m51s
27	-9	-1676-Feb-13	11:31:42	38848	2483	-45465	T	p-	0.5675	1.0361	14N	161E	55	146	03m21s
28	-8	-1658-Feb-23	19:28:20	38448	2420	-45242	T	p-	0.5253	1.0425	14N	40E	58	165	03m48s
29	-7	-1640-Mar-06	03:15:49	38050	2358	-45019	T	p-	0.4749	1.0488	14N	79W	62	182	04m13s
30	-6	-1622-Mar-17	10:57:52	37654	2297	-44796	T	p-	0.4193	1.0548	15N	164E	65	197	04m35s
31	-5	-1604-Mar-27	18:32:43	37260	2236	-44573	T	n-	0.3572	1.0603	15N	49E	69	211	04m56s
32	-4	-1586-Apr-08	02:04:17	36868	2176	-44350	T	n-	0.2914	1.0653	16N	65W	73	222	05m16s
33	-3	-1568-Apr-18	09:29:31	36479	2117	-44127	T	n-	0.2198	1.0696	17N	177W	77	232	05m35s
34	-2	-1550-Apr-29	16:54:13	36091	2058	-43904	T	n-	0.1471	1.0731	17N	72E	81	240	05m54s
35	-1	-1532-May-10	00:15:43	35706	2000	-43681	T	nn	0.0714	1.0758	17N	39W	86	246	06m12s
36	0	-1514-May-21	07:38:24	35322	1943	-43458	T	nn	-0.0039	1.0776	16N	150W	90	251	06m29s
37	1	-1496-May-31	15:00:02	34941	1886	-43235	Tm	nn	-0.0804	1.0785	15N	100E	85	254	06m44s
38	2	-1478-Jun-11	22:25:50	34562	1831	-43012	T	nn	-0.1539	1.0785	13N	12W	81	257	06m57s
39	3	-1460-Jun-22	05:53:50	34185	1776	-42789	T	-n	-0.2254	1.0776	10N	125W	77	257	07m04s
40	4	-1442-Jul-03	13:26:39	33809	1721	-42566	T	-n	-0.2930	1.0760	7N	120E	73	257	07m05s

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 23
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
41	5	-1424-Jul-13	21:04:41	33436	1668	-42343	T	-n	-0.3561	1.0736	3N	3E	69	256	06m58s
42	6	-1406-Jul-25	04:49:38	33065	1615	-42120	T	-n	-0.4133	1.0707	2S	116W	66	252	06m42s
43	7	-1388-Aug-04	12:41:47	32696	1563	-41897	T	-p	-0.4645	1.0672	7S	123E	62	247	06m20s
44	8	-1370-Aug-15	20:40:42	32330	1511	-41674	T	-p	-0.5099	1.0633	12S	0E	59	241	05m51s
45	9	-1352-Aug-26	04:48:21	31965	1461	-41451	T	-p	-0.5476	1.0592	17S	126W	57	232	05m20s
46	10	-1334-Sep-06	13:03:46	31602	1411	-41228	T	-p	-0.5788	1.0551	23S	106E	54	222	04m49s
47	11	-1316-Sep-16	21:27:11	31241	1361	-41005	T	-p	-0.6032	1.0510	28S	23W	53	211	04m18s
48	12	-1298-Sep-28	05:57:53	30883	1313	-40782	T	-p	-0.6215	1.0471	34S	155W	51	199	03m50s
49	13	-1280-Oct-08	14:36:07	30526	1265	-40559	T	-p	-0.6336	1.0436	39S	72E	50	187	03m26s
50	14	-1262-Oct-19	23:19:48	30172	1218	-40336	T	-p	-0.6410	1.0404	44S	62W	50	175	03m05s
51	15	-1244-Oct-30	08:07:27	29819	1172	-40113	T	-p	-0.6450	1.0377	49S	164E	50	165	02m48s
52	16	-1226-Nov-10	16:58:23	29469	1126	-39890	T	-p	-0.6463	1.0355	53S	31E	49	156	02m35s
53	17	-1208-Nov-21	01:51:08	29121	1082	-39667	T	-p	-0.6462	1.0337	57S	101W	49	149	02m24s
54	18	-1190-Dec-02	10:42:49	28775	1037	-39444	T	-p	-0.6467	1.0326	61S	129E	49	145	02m17s
55	19	-1172-Dec-12	19:32:28	28430	994	-39221	T	-p	-0.6488	1.0318	63S	1E	49	142	02m12s
56	20	-1154-Dec-24	04:18:03	28088	952	-38998	T	-p	-0.6541	1.0315	65S	123W	49	141	02m09s
57	21	-1135-Jan-03	12:59:17	27748	910	-38775	T	-p	-0.6628	1.0314	65S	114E	48	142	02m08s
58	22	-1117-Jan-14	21:32:12	27410	869	-38552	T	-p	-0.6781	1.0316	64S	7W	47	145	02m08s
59	23	-1099-Jan-25	05:58:58	27075	829	-38329	T	-p	-0.6982	1.0318	62S	128W	45	150	02m08s
60	24	-1081-Feb-05	14:15:42	26741	789	-38106	T	-p	-0.7263	1.0320	60S	113E	43	157	02m08s
61	25	-1063-Feb-15	22:24:53	26409	751	-37883	T	-p	-0.7603	1.0320	58S	6W	40	165	02m07s
62	26	-1045-Feb-27	06:23:00	26079	713	-37660	T	-p	-0.8030	1.0315	56S	123W	36	177	02m05s
63	27	-1027-Mar-09	14:13:45	25752	676	-37437	T	-t	-0.8515	1.0305	55S	122E	31	194	02m01s
64	28	-1009-Mar-20	21:54:09	25426	639	-37214	T	-t	-0.9079	1.0286	56S	11E	24	228	01m52s
65	29	-0991-Mar-31	05:26:39	25103	618	-36991	T	-t	-0.9702	1.0250	58S	91W	13	355	01m34s
66	30	-0973-Apr-11	12:50:41	24782	612	-36768	P	-t	-1.0387	0.9329	61S	173E	0	-	-
67	31	-0955-Apr-21	20:08:54	24462	605	-36545	P	-t	-1.1112	0.7971	61S	54E	0	-	-
68	32	-0937-May-03	03:20:57	24145	598	-36322	P	-t	-1.1879	0.6537	61S	64W	0	-	-
69	33	-0919-May-13	10:28:07	23830	591	-36099	P	-t	-1.2674	0.5056	62S	178E	0	-	-
70	34	-0901-May-24	17:32:18	23517	584	-35876	P	-t	-1.3482	0.3561	63S	62E	0	-	-
71	35	-0883-Jun-04	00:34:28	23206	577	-35653	P	-t	-1.4290	0.2075	63S	54W	0	-	-
72	36	-0865-Jun-15	07:35:43	22897	571	-35430	Pe	-t	-1.5094	0.0611	64S	170W	0	-	-

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 23

Solar eclipses of Saros 23 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -2145 May 07. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0865 Jun 15. The total duration of Saros series 23 is 1280.14 years.

Summary of Saros 23

First Eclipse	-2145 May 07
Last Eclipse	-0865 Jun 15
Series Duration	1280.14 Years
No. of Eclipses	72
Sequence	6P 14A 3H 42T 7P

Saros 23 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 23
Eclipse Type	Symbol	Number	Percent
All Eclipses	-	72	100.0%
Partial	P	13	18.1%
Annular	A	14	19.4%
Total	T	42	58.3%
Hybrid	H	3	4.2%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 23 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 23
Classification	Number	Percent
All Umbral Eclipses	59	100.0%
Central (two limits)	58	98.3%
Central (one limit)	0	0.0%
Non-Central (one limit)	1	1.7%

The 72 eclipses in Saros 23 occur in the following order : 6P 14A 3H 42T 7P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 23 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 23
Extrema Type	Date	Duration	Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse	-2019 Jul 21	01m20s	-
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse	-1803 Nov 29	00m13s	-
Longest Total Solar Eclipse	-1442 Jul 03	07m05s	-
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse	-0991 Mar 31	01m34s	-
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	-1748 Jan 01	01m12s	-
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	-1785 Dec 10	00m12s	-
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse	-0973 Apr 11	-	0.93288
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse	-0865 Jun 15	-	0.06112

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 23

Catalog of Saros Series of Solar Eclipses

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Predictions

Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links
Solar Eclipse Basics - a primer on solar eclipses

Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series - covers Saros series -30 through 190
Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - from -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page for world eclipse maps covering 5 millennia
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication

MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
How to Photograph a Solar Eclipse - instructions for imaging an eclipse of the Sun
MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.