Saros 23

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 23

Fred Espenak

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 23

A panorama of all solar eclipses belonging to Saros 23 is presented here. Each map depicts the geographic region of visibility for a single eclipse. For central eclipses, the total or annular path is plotted in either blue (total) or red (annular). The date and time is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. Every map serves as a hyperlink to the EclipseWise Prime page for that eclipse where a larger map and complete details for the eclipse can be found. Visit the Key to Solar Eclipse Maps for a detailed explanation of these maps. Near the bottom of the page are a series of hyperlinks for more on solar eclipses.

The exeligmos is a period of three Saros cycles and is equal to approximately 54 years 33 days. Because it is nearly an integral number of days in length, two eclipses separated by 1 exeligmos (= 3 Saroses) not only share all the characterists of a Saros, but also take place in approximately the same geographic location.

The Saros panorama below is arranged in horizontal rows of 3 eclipses. So one eclipse to the left or right is a difference of 1 Saros cycle, and one eclipse above or below is a difference of 1 exeligmos. By scanning a column of the table, it reveals how the geographic visibility of eclipses separated by an exeligmos slowly changes.

  • Click on any global map to go directly to the EclipseWise Prime Page for more information, tables, diagrams and maps. Key to Solar Eclipse Maps explains the features in these maps.
  • Beneath each global eclipse map is a link Google Eclipse Map, that takes you to an interactive Google Map with the eclipse path plotted.

For more information on this series see Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 23 .

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 23
Partial Solar Eclipse
-2145 May 07

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-2127 May 18

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-2109 May 29

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-2091 Jun 08

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-2073 Jun 20

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-2055 Jun 30

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-2037 Jul 11

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-2019 Jul 21

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-2001 Aug 02

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-1983 Aug 12

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-1965 Aug 23

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-1947 Sep 03

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-1929 Sep 14

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-1911 Sep 24

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-1893 Oct 06

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-1875 Oct 16

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-1857 Oct 27

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-1839 Nov 07

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-1821 Nov 18

Google Eclipse Map
Annular Solar Eclipse
-1803 Nov 29

Google Eclipse Map
Hybrid Solar Eclipse
-1785 Dec 10

Google Eclipse Map
Hybrid Solar Eclipse
-1767 Dec 20

Google Eclipse Map
Hybrid Solar Eclipse
-1748 Jan 01

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1730 Jan 11

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1712 Jan 22

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1694 Feb 02

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1676 Feb 13

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1658 Feb 23

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1640 Mar 06

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1622 Mar 17

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1604 Mar 27

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1586 Apr 08

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1568 Apr 18

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1550 Apr 29

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1532 May 10

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1514 May 21

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1496 May 31

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1478 Jun 11

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1460 Jun 22

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1442 Jul 03

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1424 Jul 13

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1406 Jul 25

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1388 Aug 04

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1370 Aug 15

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1352 Aug 26

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1334 Sep 06

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1316 Sep 16

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1298 Sep 28

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1280 Oct 08

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1262 Oct 19

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1244 Oct 30

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1226 Nov 10

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1208 Nov 21

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1190 Dec 02

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1172 Dec 12

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1154 Dec 24

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1135 Jan 03

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1117 Jan 14

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1099 Jan 25

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1081 Feb 05

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1063 Feb 15

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1045 Feb 27

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1027 Mar 09

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-1009 Mar 20

Google Eclipse Map
Total Solar Eclipse
-0991 Mar 31

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-0973 Apr 11

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-0955 Apr 21

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-0937 May 03

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-0919 May 13

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-0901 May 24

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-0883 Jun 04

Google Eclipse Map
Partial Solar Eclipse
-0865 Jun 15

Google Eclipse Map

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 23

Solar eclipses of Saros 23 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -2145 May 07. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0865 Jun 15. The total duration of Saros series 23 is 1280.14 years.

Summary of Saros 23
First Eclipse -2145 May 07
Last Eclipse -0865 Jun 15
Series Duration 1280.14 Years
No. of Eclipses 72
Sequence 6P 14A 3H 42T 7P

Saros 23 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 23
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 13 18.1%
AnnularA 14 19.4%
TotalT 42 58.3%
HybridH 3 4.2%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 23 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 23
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 59100.0%
Central (two limits) 58 98.3%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 1.7%

The 72 eclipses in Saros 23 occur in the following order : 6P 14A 3H 42T 7P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 23 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 23
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse -2019 Jul 2101m20s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -1803 Nov 2900m13s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -1442 Jul 0307m05s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -0991 Mar 3101m34s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -1748 Jan 0101m12s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -1785 Dec 1000m12s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -0973 Apr 11 - 0.93288
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -0865 Jun 15 - 0.06112

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

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Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.